Frentzel-Beyme R, Chang-Claude J
Bremen Institute for Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Germany.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1994 May;59(5 Suppl):1143S-1152S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/59.5.1143S.
The study assessed mortality and morbidity risks as related to nutritional status of moderate and strict vegetarians in Germany. The total cohort of 1904 self-identified persons was followed up for 11 y. Compared with national mortality rates for Federal Republic of Germany, the observed deaths for all causes were below expectation by a factor of 0.44 for men and 0.53 for women. The mortality for colon cancer was reduced [standardized mortality ration (SMR 44.1 for men and 77.9 for women]. No deaths were observed from rectal cancer. A vegetarian lifestyle of long duration (> or = 20 y) was associated with decreased overall and cancer mortality. Other determinants of decreased cause-specific mortality were physical activity, body weight, and strictness of adherence to the life-style. The relationship between a vegetarian and fiber-rich diet and a decreased risk for colon cancer has been reported in many studies. In this study, the influence of other factors such as health-conscious behavior and a healthy lifestyle seem to indicate partly stronger effects than nutrition itself. This may explain the generally better health of moderate vegetarians.
该研究评估了德国中度和严格素食者的营养状况与死亡和发病风险之间的关系。对总共1904名自我认定的个体组成的队列进行了11年的随访。与德意志联邦共和国的全国死亡率相比，观察到的所有原因导致的死亡人数，男性比预期低0.44倍，女性比预期低0.53倍。结肠癌死亡率降低[标准化死亡比（男性为44.1，女性为77.9）]。未观察到直肠癌死亡病例。长期（≥20年）的素食生活方式与总体死亡率和癌症死亡率降低有关。特定病因死亡率降低的其他决定因素包括身体活动、体重以及对生活方式的严格遵守程度。许多研究都报道了素食和高纤维饮食与结肠癌风险降低之间的关系。在本研究中，其他因素如健康意识行为和健康生活方式的影响似乎部分显示出比营养本身更强的作用。这可能解释了中度素食者总体健康状况较好的原因。
