Webber J, Macdonald I A
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nottingham Medical School.
Br J Nutr. 1994 Mar;71(3):437-47. doi: 10.1079/bjn19940150.
The effect of fasting for 12, 36 and 72 h was studied in twenty-nine healthy subjects (seventeen women and twelve men). Measurements were made of cardiovascular variables, metabolic rate, respiratory exchange ratio, plasma metabolites, insulin, thyroid hormones and catecholamines. During starvation there were no significant changes in blood pressure, whilst heart rate (beats/min) increased at 36 h and remained elevated after 72 h (12 h 62.5 (SE 1.8), 36 h 68.0 (SE 1.9), 72 h 69.2 (SE 1.8); P < 0.001). Forearm blood flow (FBF) increased progressively from 3.32 (SE 0.20) to 6.21 (SE 0.46) ml/100 ml per min (P < 0.001). Resting metabolic rate (kJ/min) was significantly increased after 36 h of starvation (12 h 4.60 (SE 0.14), 36 h 4.88 (SE 0.13), P < 0.001), but was not significantly different from the 12 h value after 72 h (72 h 4.72 (SE 0.15) P = 0.06). The respiratory exchange ratio fell progressively from 0.80 to 0.76 to 0.72 (P < 0.001). Blood glucose fell, whilst plasma glycerol and beta-hydroxybutyrate rose and plasma lactate did not change. Plasma insulin and free triiodothyronine fell during starvation. Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline were unchanged at 36 h, but were significantly increased after 72 h. Both sexes showed a similar pattern of response to starvation, although absolute values of blood pressure, forearm blood flow, metabolic rate and plasma catecholamines were higher in men than women. Acute starvation produces profound cardiovascular and metabolic changes which are not explained by the accompanying hormonal changes.
对29名健康受试者（17名女性和12名男性）进行了为期12、36和72小时禁食的影响研究。测量了心血管变量、代谢率、呼吸交换率、血浆代谢物、胰岛素、甲状腺激素和儿茶酚胺。饥饿期间血压无显著变化，而心率（次/分钟）在36小时时增加，并在72小时后保持升高（12小时62.5（标准误1.8），36小时68.0（标准误1.9），72小时69.2（标准误1.8）；P<0.001）。前臂血流量（FBF）从每分钟3.32（标准误0.20）逐渐增加到6.21（标准误0.46）毫升/100毫升（P<0.001）。饥饿36小时后静息代谢率（千焦/分钟）显著增加（12小时4.60（标准误0.14），36小时4.88（标准误0.13），P<0.001），但72小时后与12小时的值无显著差异（72小时4.72（标准误0.15），P = 0.06）。呼吸交换率从0.80逐渐降至0.76再降至0.72（P<0.001）。血糖下降，而血浆甘油和β-羟基丁酸升高，血浆乳酸无变化。饥饿期间血浆胰岛素和游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸下降。血浆肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素在36小时时无变化，但72小时后显著增加。尽管男性的血压、前臂血流量、代谢率和血浆儿茶酚胺的绝对值高于女性，但两性对饥饿的反应模式相似。急性饥饿会引起深刻的心血管和代谢变化，而伴随的激素变化无法解释这些变化。
