Godzik S, Szdzuj J, Poborski P
Institute of Ecology of Industrial Areas, Katowice.
Folia Med Cracov. 1993;34(1-4):9-18.
Seven out of twenty-seven areas of ecological hazard are located in South Poland, close to the Silesia-Cracow region. This region is most affected by several factors of both industrial and non-industrial origin. Air pollutants are of prime importance for the whole area. Mining of coal, zinc and lead ores cause a great additional threat to the natural environment and human population. A considerable set of data is available on the air pollution in the city of Cracow and the whole area of Katowice voivodship. In the center of the industrial area the concentrations of SO2 and dust exceed the country average by 7 to 13 times. In the Katowice district alone about 40% of the total amount of solid waste for Poland is located. The air concentrations of manganese, zinc, iron, ammonia, carbon monoxide, lead, cadmium, sulphur and nitrogen oxides, ozone, PAH, phenol, heterocyclic and chlorinated hydrocarbons exceed the allowed limits. Many of the above mentioned contaminants create an appreciable threat to human health. Poor infrastructure, nervous stresses, ugly environments and other factors are potential additional threats to human health, causing civilizational diseases. The ecological awareness of most people is rather poor, and extremely weak within some social groups (coke-plant workers, mine workers).
27个生态危害区域中有7个位于波兰南部，靠近西里西亚-克拉科夫地区。该地区受工业和非工业来源的多种因素影响最为严重。空气污染物对整个地区至关重要。煤炭、锌和铅矿的开采对自然环境和人类造成了巨大的额外威胁。关于克拉科夫市和卡托维兹省整个地区的空气污染，有大量数据可供参考。在工业区中心，二氧化硫和粉尘的浓度比全国平均水平高出7至13倍。仅在卡托维兹区就存放着波兰约40%的固体废弃物总量。空气中锰、锌、铁、氨、一氧化碳、铅、镉、硫和氮氧化物、臭氧、多环芳烃、苯酚、杂环和氯代烃的浓度超过了允许限值。上述许多污染物对人类健康构成了明显威胁。基础设施差、精神压力、环境恶劣等因素是对人类健康的潜在额外威胁，会引发文明病。大多数人的生态意识相当淡薄，在一些社会群体（炼焦厂工人、矿工）中极其薄弱。
