Degteva M O, Kozheurov V P, Vorobiova M I
Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Medgorodok, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation.
Sci Total Environ. 1994 Mar 1;142(1-2):49-61. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90073-6.
Massive releases of fission products from the plutonium production facility 'Mayak' resulted in the years 1949-1956 in the contamination of the river Techa and its flood lands. This led to the exposure of the population in many riverside villages due to external gamma-rays and due to the incorporation of radionuclides, primarily Sr-90. The exposure situation is described and the reconstruction of doses due to external and due to internal radioactivity is explained. The internal dosimetry is based on large scale measurements of Sr-90 beta-rays on the surface of teeth that were begun in 1960, and on whole-body measurements of Sr-90 that were begun in 1974. The details of the analyses are presented in Part 2 of the present report. Average doses due to the external and the internal exposure are given for the residents of the different villages along the river Techa. In the total population of about 28,000 persons that were assessed, the medium dose to the red bone marrow was about 0.25 Gy and the mean dose about 0.4 Gy. In about 5% of the individuals the dose to the red bone marrow was estimated to be in excess of 1 Gy.
1949年至1956年期间，钚生产设施“玛雅克”大量释放裂变产物，导致捷恰河及其泛滥平原受到污染。这使得许多河边村庄的居民因外部伽马射线以及放射性核素（主要是锶-90）的摄入而受到照射。本文描述了照射情况，并解释了外部和内部放射性所致剂量的重建方法。内部剂量测定基于1960年开始的对牙齿表面锶-90贝塔射线的大规模测量，以及1974年开始的对锶-90的全身测量。分析细节见本报告第2部分。给出了捷恰河沿岸不同村庄居民的外部和内部照射所致平均剂量。在评估的约2.8万人的总人口中，红骨髓的平均剂量约为0.25戈瑞，平均剂量约为0.4戈瑞。约5%的个体红骨髓剂量估计超过1戈瑞。
