Potthoff R F
Center for Demographic Studies, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0408.
Am J Epidemiol. 1994 May 15;139(10):967-78. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116946.
Recently, the use of telephone sampling methods in epidemiology has been sharply increasing. Properly applied, these methods provide powerful tools. Improperly applied, they may produce invalid results. This review covers many points to which the investigator should be alert. An underlying theme is that bias in studies that use telephone sampling can potentially spring from many sources and should be avoided wherever feasible. In epidemiology, there are two main uses of telephone sampling--in general surveys (cross-sectional studies) and in case-control studies. For the former, the principles differ little from those for general surveys in other fields. For the latter, most of the same principles apply, but case-control studies also have their own unique aspects. In this review, several topics receive detailed treatment. Valid combinations of area code and prefix can be found through careful processing of a file that is available commercially. Three options that can be used singly or in any combination provide broadened adaptability for the Mitofsky-Waksberg method of random digit dialing. Bias can be thwarted by certain steps in the interviewing and by weighting. For population-based and then center-based case-control studies, a scheme that samples controls from household censuses and avoids usual problems is offered.
最近，电话抽样方法在流行病学中的应用急剧增加。如果应用得当，这些方法能提供强大的工具。若应用不当，则可能产生无效结果。本综述涵盖了调查人员应予以警惕的诸多要点。一个潜在的主题是，使用电话抽样的研究中的偏差可能源自多种来源，应在可行的情况下尽可能避免。在流行病学中，电话抽样主要有两种用途——在一般调查（横断面研究）和病例对照研究中。对于前者，其原则与其他领域的一般调查原则差别不大。对于后者，大多数相同的原则适用，但病例对照研究也有其自身独特之处。在本综述中，有几个主题得到了详细阐述。通过对商业可得文件的仔细处理，可以找到有效的区号和前缀组合。有三种可单独使用或任意组合使用的选项，为米托夫斯基 - 瓦克斯伯格随机数字拨号方法提供了更广泛的适应性。在访谈过程中采取某些步骤以及通过加权，可以防止偏差。对于基于人群然后基于中心的病例对照研究，提供了一种从家庭普查中抽取对照样本并避免常见问题的方案。
