Eldridge F L
Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994 Mar;26(3):319-27.
Many hypotheses have been advanced to explain the hyperpnea of exercise and its close relations to the level of metabolic work, expressed as oxygen uptake (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2). Evidence is presented that a neural central command mechanism from the hypothalamus is important in the driving of both respiration and circulatory adjustments during locomotion or exercise, and that short-term potentiation of neurons in the medulla makes an important contribution. Both are probably augmented by receptors in working muscle and by the effects of increased [K+] acting on the carotid bodies. Feedback from "respiratory" mechanisms, including CO2 and O2 mediated mechanisms and inputs from the lungs, are important in stabilizing ventilation at the level primarily dictated by the major neural mechanisms.
人们提出了许多假说，以解释运动时的呼吸急促现象及其与代谢功水平的密切关系，代谢功水平以摄氧量（VO2）和二氧化碳生成量（VCO2）来表示。有证据表明，来自下丘脑的神经中枢指令机制在运动或锻炼过程中驱动呼吸和循环调节方面很重要，并且延髓中神经元的短期增强也起着重要作用。这两者可能都因工作肌肉中的感受器以及升高的[K+]作用于颈动脉体的效应而增强。来自“呼吸”机制的反馈，包括二氧化碳和氧气介导的机制以及来自肺部的输入，对于将通气稳定在主要由主要神经机制决定的水平很重要。
