Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Département de Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Prog Brain Res. 2010;187:173-88. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53613-6.00012-5.
Respiration is a vital motor activity requiring fine-tuning to adjust to metabolic changes. For instance, respiration increases in association with exercise. In this chapter, we review the mechanisms underlying respiratory changes during exercise. Three specific hypotheses were proposed. First, the chemoreception hypothesis suggests that chemoreceptors located centrally or peripherally modify breathing by detecting metabolic changes in arterial blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Second, the central command hypothesis stipulates that central neural connections from brain motor areas activate the respiratory centers during exercise. Third, the neural feedback hypothesis stipulates that sensory inputs from the contracting limb muscles modulate the respiratory centers during exercise. We present evidence from the literature supporting possible contributions from these three mechanisms. This review also addresses future research challenges relative to respiratory modulation during exercise.
呼吸是一项重要的运动活动，需要精细调节以适应代谢变化。例如，呼吸会随着运动而增加。在本章中，我们回顾了运动过程中呼吸变化的机制。提出了三个具体的假设。首先，化学感受假说认为，位于中枢或周围的化学感受器通过检测动脉血液或脑脊液中的代谢变化来调节呼吸。其次，中枢命令假说规定，来自大脑运动区的中枢神经连接在运动时激活呼吸中枢。第三，神经反馈假说规定，来自收缩肢体肌肉的感觉输入在运动时调节呼吸中枢。我们从文献中提供了支持这三个机制可能有贡献的证据。本综述还讨论了与运动时呼吸调节相关的未来研究挑战。
