Jones T H, Kennedy R L
University of Sheffield Department of Medicine, Northern General Hospital, UK.
Cytokine. 1993 Nov;5(6):531-8. doi: 10.1016/s1043-4666(05)80001-8.
Several cytokines are now known to affect the release of anterior pituitary hormones by an action on the hypothalamus and/or the pituitary gland. The major cytokines involved are IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha and interferon-tau. Their predominant effects are to stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and to suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid and gonadal axes, and growth hormone release. The relative importance of systemically and locally produced cytokines in achieving these responses and their precise sites of action have not been fully established. There are indeed conflicting reports on the individual effects of each cytokine which need to be clarified. There is now cumulating evidence that there are important interactions between the immune and neuroendocrine systems which may explain in part, some of the effects on growth, thyroid, adrenal and reproductive functions which occur in acute and chronic disease. This article reviews the current knowledge of the effects of some cytokines on hypothalamic-pituitary function.
现在已知几种细胞因子可通过作用于下丘脑和/或垂体来影响垂体前叶激素的释放。涉及的主要细胞因子有白细胞介素-1、白细胞介素-2、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α和干扰素-τ。它们的主要作用是刺激下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴，并抑制下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴和性腺轴以及生长激素的释放。全身和局部产生的细胞因子在实现这些反应中的相对重要性及其确切作用部位尚未完全明确。关于每种细胞因子的个体效应确实存在相互矛盾的报道，需要加以澄清。现在有越来越多的证据表明，免疫和神经内分泌系统之间存在重要的相互作用，这可能部分解释了急性和慢性疾病中对生长、甲状腺、肾上腺和生殖功能产生的一些影响。本文综述了目前关于某些细胞因子对下丘脑-垂体功能影响的知识。
