Farfel M R, Lees P S, Rohde C A, Lim B S, Bannon D, Chisolm J J
Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
Environ Res. 1994 May;65(2):291-301. doi: 10.1006/enrs.1994.1038.
Lead-containing house dust is an important source of childhood lead exposure. Standard methods for collection of settled dust for evaluation of lead content have not been established. Little is known about the relationships between the various wipe and vacuum-based methods employed in past studies, preventing meaningful comparisons of results. This study characterized the relationship between a frequently used wipe dust collection method and a vacuum-based in-line filter method used to collect dust in a national survey of lead in paint and dust in U.S. housing. The correlation coefficient was 0.82 for estimates of lead loadings (PbD, mg/m2) from 71 pairs of side-by-side wipe and vacuum dust samples collected from uncarpeted floors, window sills, and exterior window wells in six dwellings. Geometric mean (GM) wipe PbD estimates exceeded those for vacuum samples by a factor of 3.9 and 5.7 for floors and window sills, respectively, findings consistent with the multiple sources of sample loss associated with the vacuum sampler. For window wells, the GM vacuum PbD estimate exceeded the GM wipe PbD estimate by a factor of 3.4, possibly due to the use of an alternative vacuum nozzle. The resulting increase in the estimated prevalence of U.S. homes with elevated dust lead loadings had wipe-sampling instead of vacuum-sampling methods been used in the national survey is discussed.
含铅室内灰尘是儿童铅暴露的一个重要来源。目前尚未建立用于评估铅含量的沉降灰尘收集标准方法。过去研究中采用的各种擦拭法和基于真空的方法之间的关系鲜为人知，这使得结果无法进行有意义的比较。本研究描述了在一项关于美国住房中油漆和灰尘铅含量的全国性调查中，一种常用的擦拭灰尘收集方法与一种基于真空的在线过滤方法之间的关系。从六所住宅的未铺地毯的地板、窗台和室外窗井收集的71对并排的擦拭灰尘样本和真空灰尘样本的铅负荷估计值（PbD，mg/m²）的相关系数为0.82。地板和窗台的擦拭法PbD几何均值估计分别比真空样本高出3.9倍和5.7倍，这一结果与真空采样器相关的多种样本损失来源一致。对于窗井，真空法PbD几何均值估计比擦拭法高出3.4倍，这可能是由于使用了另一种真空喷嘴。文中讨论了如果在全国性调查中采用擦拭采样而非真空采样方法，估计美国灰尘铅负荷升高的家庭患病率会有怎样的增加。
