Chollet D
Center for Risk Management and Insurance Research, Georgia State University, Atlanta.
Health Aff (Millwood). 1994 Spring;13(1):315-26. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.13.1.315.
The loss of manufacturing jobs and the expansion of service jobs and part-time employment have contributed to a decline in the rate of employer-sponsored health insurance among workers. Not only does manufacturing provide more of its own workers with coverage compared with other industry groups, but it also is a significant net "exporter" of coverage to dependent workers in other industries. In 1991 the net export of coverage represented a 20 percent tax on manufacturing employers per covered worker, while professional services--the fastest-growing industry group-collected a subsidy from other industry groups equal to more than 12 percent per covered worker. Similarly, larger firms--those that employed 100 workers or more--paid a self-imposed tax of as much as 13 percent per covered worker to support dependent workers employed in smaller firms.
制造业工作岗位的流失以及服务业工作岗位和兼职就业的增加，导致了工人中由雇主提供医疗保险的比例下降。与其他行业相比，制造业不仅为更多自身员工提供保险，而且还是向其他行业受抚养员工提供保险的重要净“出口商”。1991年，保险净出口相当于制造业雇主为每位参保工人支付20%的税，而专业服务行业——增长最快的行业群体——从其他行业群体获得的补贴相当于每位参保工人超过12%。同样，大公司——即雇佣100名或更多工人的公司——为支持小公司雇佣的受抚养工人，为每位参保工人自行缴纳高达13%的税。
