Jackson C, Bee-Gates D J, Henriksen L
School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599.
Health Educ Q. 1994 Spring;21(1):103-16. doi: 10.1177/109019819402100110.
School-based social influence programs to prevent adolescent smoking are having limited success in the long term. Intervening earlier in the process of smoking onset, during the childhood years, may be required to prevent adolescent smoking. Child socialization variables, specifically parenting behaviors and child competencies, may be important to understanding the earliest phase of smoking onset. This study tested hypotheses of association between authoritative parenting behaviors, enhanced child competencies, and relatively low rates of initiation of cigarette smoking. Analyzing cross-sectional survey data from 937 students in Grades 3 to 8, we found general support for the study hypotheses: Authoritative parenting was positively associated with child competencies; children's competency levels were inversely related to their rates of smoking intention, initiation, and experimentation; authoritative parenting was inversely related to rates of child smoking intention and behaviors; and authoritative parenting and parent smoking status had independent associations with child initiation of cigarette smoking. These results indicate that child socialization variables merit further investigation for their potential role in the development of early intervention programs for smoking prevention.
以学校为基础的预防青少年吸烟的社会影响项目长期以来成效有限。可能需要在吸烟开始过程的早期阶段，即童年时期进行干预，以预防青少年吸烟。儿童社会化变量，特别是养育行为和儿童能力，对于理解吸烟开始的最早阶段可能很重要。本研究检验了权威养育行为、增强的儿童能力与相对较低的吸烟起始率之间的关联假设。通过分析937名三至八年级学生的横断面调查数据，我们发现该研究假设得到了普遍支持：权威养育与儿童能力呈正相关；儿童的能力水平与他们的吸烟意愿、起始率和尝试率呈负相关；权威养育与儿童吸烟意愿和行为的发生率呈负相关；权威养育和父母吸烟状况与儿童开始吸烟有独立关联。这些结果表明，儿童社会化变量因其在早期预防吸烟干预项目发展中的潜在作用而值得进一步研究。
