Yin H, Barnet R C, Miller R R
Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Binghamton 13902-6000.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1994 Apr;20(2):123-34. doi: 10.1037//0097-7403.20.2.123.
A potential basis for trial spacing and trial distribution effects was investigated in rats. In Experiment 1, a conditioned stimulus (e.g., CS A) was trained with either massed (e.g., A---->A---->A) or spaced (e.g., A-->A-->A) trials. When trials were massed, brief exposure to the training context (a condition typical of massed training) impaired responding, whereas more extensive exposure to the context during or after training reduced this apparent massed trials deficit. In Experiment 2, different CSs were trained in either a massed (e.g., A-->A-->A--> B-->B-->B-->C-->C-->C) or a distributed (e.g., A-->B-->C-->A-->B-->C, etc.) manner. Trials massed in this sense resulted in impaired responding to the CS, and this impairment was attenuated by posttraining extinction of the context cues. Thus, trial distribution and apparent trial spacing effects are at least in part reversible deficits in performance rather than failures of learning.
在大鼠中研究了试验间隔和试验分布效应的一个潜在基础。在实验1中，使用密集（例如，A---->A---->A）或间隔（例如，A-->A-->A）试验对条件刺激（例如，CS A）进行训练。当试验密集时，短暂暴露于训练环境（密集训练的典型条件）会损害反应，而在训练期间或训练后更广泛地暴露于该环境会减少这种明显的密集试验缺陷。在实验2中，以密集（例如，A-->A-->A--> B-->B-->B-->C-->C-->C）或分布（例如，A-->B-->C-->A-->B-->C等）方式对不同的条件刺激进行训练。从这个意义上说，密集试验导致对条件刺激的反应受损，并且通过训练后对环境线索的消退，这种损害会减弱。因此，试验分布和明显的试验间隔效应至少部分是表现上的可逆缺陷，而不是学习失败。
