Rosado-de-Christenson M L, Templeton P A, Moran C A
Department of Radiologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306-6000.
Radiographics. 1994 Mar;14(2):429-46; quiz 447-8. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.14.2.8190965.
Bronchogenic carcinoma is the leading cause of death from cancer in men and women in the United States. Although the cause of this malignancy is probably multifactorial, approximately 85% of lung cancer deaths are attributable to cigarette smoking. Patients may present with symptoms of airway obstruction caused by central tumors, symptoms related to direct tumor invasion of surrounding structures, or symptoms produced by distant metastases. There are four major cell types: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, undifferentiated large cell carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated large cell carcinoma are generally peripheral lesions manifesting as solitary nodules or masses, whereas squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma are typically central and may manifest as hilar masses, atelectasis, or pneumonia. The prognosis for patients with bronchogenic carcinoma is poor, with an overall 5-year survival of 10%-15%. In general, patients with squamous cell carcinoma have the best prognosis, those with adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated large cell carcinoma have an intermediate prognosis, and those with small cell carcinoma have the worst prognosis.
在美国，支气管源性癌是男性和女性癌症死亡的主要原因。尽管这种恶性肿瘤的病因可能是多因素的，但约85%的肺癌死亡归因于吸烟。患者可能表现出由中央肿瘤引起的气道阻塞症状、与肿瘤直接侵犯周围结构相关的症状或远处转移产生的症状。有四种主要细胞类型：腺癌、鳞状细胞癌、未分化大细胞癌和小细胞癌。腺癌和未分化大细胞癌通常为周围性病变，表现为孤立性结节或肿块，而鳞状细胞癌和小细胞癌通常为中央性病变，可表现为肺门肿块、肺不张或肺炎。支气管源性癌患者的预后较差，总体5年生存率为10%-15%。一般来说，鳞状细胞癌患者的预后最好，腺癌和未分化大细胞癌患者的预后中等，小细胞癌患者的预后最差。
