McKay H A, Bailey D A, Wilkinson A A, Houston C S
College of Physical Education, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
Bone Miner. 1994 Feb;24(2):95-107. doi: 10.1016/s0169-6009(08)80148-1.
Familial resemblance of bone mineral density (BMD) was studied in the lumbar spine and three regions of the proximal femur in 41 biological mother-daughter (M-D), 42 mother-son (M-S), 24 mother-grandmother (M-G) pairs and 18 mother-grandmother-daughter (M-G-D) triads. Children were placed into three maturity categories based on an assessment of secondary sex characteristics and growth velocities. Two sets of standardized BMD Z-scores were derived for the children based on either their chronological age or their maturational status. These scores were compared with maternal Z-scores derived from age-specific norms. Similar comparisons were made between the Z-scores of the mothers and grandmothers. For all three regions of the proximal femur and for the total AP lumbar spine the correlations between Z-score values were similar and significant (P < 0.05) between the M-G and M-D pairs ranging from 0.41 to 0.57. In general, the familial correlations improved when maturity-status based Z-scores were used for comparison. The absolute BMD values measured in the grandmothers and the three maturity groups of the children--expressed as a percentage of the BMD of the mothers--showed that at the neck and the trochanteric regions of the proximal femur the late-pubescent girls and boys had a significantly (P < 0.05) greater bone density than their mothers (115-123%), whereas at the AP spine these groups averaged only 88% of their mothers BMD. This site differential was not apparent when comparing the post-menopausal grandmothers with the pre-menopausal mothers (80% at both sites). Three generation comparisons demonstrated a strong familial resemblance in bone mineral density. The value of incorporating maturity-based versus chronological-based parameters for comparison with adult measures in studies that involve growing children at different stages of development was also demonstrated.
在41对生物学意义上的母女、42对母子、24对祖母与孙女/外孙女对以及18个祖母、母亲与孙女/外孙女三人组中，对腰椎和股骨近端三个区域的骨密度（BMD）家族相似性进行了研究。根据第二性征和生长速度评估，将儿童分为三个成熟类别。基于儿童的实际年龄或成熟状态，为其得出两组标准化的BMD Z评分。这些评分与根据特定年龄标准得出的母亲Z评分进行比较。母亲和祖母的Z评分之间也进行了类似比较。对于股骨近端的所有三个区域以及整个腰椎前后位，祖母与孙女/外孙女对之间的Z评分值相关性相似且具有显著性（P<0.05），范围在0.41至0.57之间。总体而言，当使用基于成熟状态的Z评分进行比较时，家族相关性有所改善（提高）。祖母以及儿童的三个成熟组所测量的绝对BMD值（以母亲BMD的百分比表示）显示，在股骨近端的颈部和粗隆区，青春期晚期的女孩和男孩的骨密度显著高于其母亲（P<0.05）（为母亲的115%-123%），而在腰椎前后位，这些组的骨密度平均仅为母亲BMD的88%。当比较绝经后祖母与绝经前母亲时，这种部位差异并不明显（两个部位均为80%）。三代人的比较表明骨密度存在很强的家族相似性。在涉及处于不同发育阶段的成长中儿童的研究中，将基于成熟度与基于实际年龄的参数纳入与成人测量值进行比较的价值也得到了证明。
