Kunst A E, Mackenbach J P
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Am J Public Health. 1994 Jun;84(6):932-7. doi: 10.2105/ajph.84.6.932.
This study addresses the question of whether inequalities in premature mortality related to educational level differ among countries.
Data on mortality by educational level were obtained from longitudinal studies from nine industrialized countries. The data referred to men between 35 and 64 years of age. The follow-up periods occurred between 1970 and 1982. The size of mortality differences associated with educational level was measured by means of two inequality indices, both based on Poisson regression analysis.
Inequalities in mortality are relatively small in the Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway and about two times as large in the United States, France, and Italy. Finland and England and Wales occupy intermediate positions. The large inequalities in mortality in the United States and France can be attributed in part to large inequalities in education in these countries.
The international pattern found in this study was also observed in a comparison that used occupation as the socioeconomic indicator. Differences between countries in levels of inequality in mortality may be partially explained by the countries' different levels of egalitarian social and economic policies.
本研究探讨了与教育水平相关的过早死亡率不平等在不同国家之间是否存在差异这一问题。
关于按教育水平划分的死亡率数据来自九个工业化国家的纵向研究。数据涉及35至64岁的男性。随访期为1970年至1982年。与教育水平相关的死亡率差异大小通过两个不平等指数来衡量，这两个指数均基于泊松回归分析。
荷兰、瑞典、丹麦和挪威的死亡率不平等相对较小，而美国、法国和意大利的死亡率不平等约为前者的两倍。芬兰以及英格兰和威尔士处于中间位置。美国和法国死亡率的巨大不平等部分可归因于这些国家教育方面的巨大不平等。
在一项以职业作为社会经济指标的比较中也观察到了本研究中发现的国际模式。各国在死亡率不平等水平上的差异可能部分由各国不同程度的平等主义社会和经济政策来解释。
