Kitron U, Pener H, Costin C, Orshan L, Greenberg Z, Shalom U
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1994 May;50(5):550-6. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1994.50.550.
Although a significant resurgence of malaria in Israel is unlikely at present, the risk for a localized outbreak of malaria cases due to infection of local anopheline mosquitoes by imported cases does exist. A national computerized surveillance system of breeding sites of Anopheles mosquitoes and imported malaria cases was established in 1992 using a geographic information system (GIS). Distances between population centers and breeding sites were calculated, and maps associating epidemiologic and entomologic data were generated. Risk of malaria transmission was assessed with consideration of vectorial capacity and flight range of each Anopheles species. The GIS-based surveillance system ensures that if a localized outbreak does occur, it will be associated rapidly with a likely breeding site, a specific Anopheles vector, and a probable human source, so that prompt control measures can be most efficiently targeted. This cost-effective GIS-based surveillance system can be expanded and adapted for countries with indigenous malaria transmission.
尽管目前以色列疟疾大幅卷土重来的可能性不大，但因输入性病例感染当地按蚊而导致局部疟疾疫情爆发的风险确实存在。1992年利用地理信息系统（GIS）建立了一个全国性的按蚊繁殖地和输入性疟疾病例计算机化监测系统。计算了人口中心与繁殖地之间的距离，并生成了关联流行病学和昆虫学数据的地图。在评估疟疾传播风险时考虑了每种按蚊的媒介能量和飞行范围。基于GIS的监测系统确保如果确实发生局部疫情，能够迅速将其与可能的繁殖地、特定的按蚊媒介以及可能的人类传染源联系起来，从而能够最有效地针对性采取迅速的控制措施。这种具有成本效益的基于GIS的监测系统可以扩展并适用于有本土疟疾传播的国家。
