Fritschi L, McHenry P, Green A, Mackie R, Green L, Siskind V
Department of Dermatology, University of Glasgow, U.K.
Br J Dermatol. 1994 May;130(5):599-603. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb13106.x.
To test the hypothesis that children living in subtropical and tropical environments have more naevi than those of similar ethnicity living in temperature countries, a comparative study of melanocytic naevi in 111 schoolchildren from Brisbane, Australia, and 222 from Glasgow, Scotland, was carried out. All children were aged 13-15 years, of European ancestry, and had spent most of their lives at latitudes of less than 30 degrees S (Australia) or greater than 30 degrees N (Scotland). Using an identical protocol, all naevi of 2 mm or more in diameter occurring on the right arm were counted by either a highly experienced research nurse in Brisbane, or a dermatologist in Glasgow. Hair and eye colour, and facial freckling, were assessed by the examiner, and axillary skin colour of children in both cities was measured using the same reflectance spectrophotometer. Children in Brisbane had significantly more naevi than those in Glasgow (P < 0.05), after adjusting for complexion variables. The difference in the geometric mean number of naevi on the arm was much greater among boys (7.7 vs. 4.4, in Brisbane and Glasgow, respectively) than among girls (7.3 vs. 6.7). This has parallels with the sex differences in melanoma at later ages in the two countries. Besides country of residence, freckles and innate skin colour were the most significant predictors of large numbers of naevi, whereas red hair had a significant protective effect. Overall, these data on prevalence of naevi in children from contrasting environments provide some evidence in support of the theory that naevus development is related to the level of sun exposure in childhood and adolescence.
为了验证生活在亚热带和热带环境中的儿童比生活在温带国家的同种族儿童有更多痣这一假设，对来自澳大利亚布里斯班的111名学童和来自苏格兰格拉斯哥的222名学童的黑素细胞痣进行了一项对比研究。所有儿童年龄在13至15岁之间，具有欧洲血统，且大部分时间生活在南纬30度以下（澳大利亚）或北纬30度以上（苏格兰）的地区。按照相同方案，由布里斯班一位经验丰富的研究护士或格拉斯哥的一位皮肤科医生对右臂上直径2毫米及以上的所有痣进行计数。检查人员评估头发和眼睛颜色以及面部雀斑情况，并用同一台反射分光光度计测量两个城市儿童的腋窝皮肤颜色。在对肤色变量进行调整后，布里斯班的儿童比格拉斯哥的儿童有更多的痣（P < 0.05）。男孩手臂上痣的几何平均数差异（布里斯班和格拉斯哥分别为7.7和4.4）比女孩（7.3和6.7）大得多。这与两国后期黑色素瘤的性别差异相似。除了居住国家外，雀斑和天生肤色是大量痣的最显著预测因素，而红发有显著的保护作用。总体而言，这些来自不同环境儿童痣患病率的数据为痣的发展与儿童期和青春期阳光暴露水平有关这一理论提供了一些证据支持。
