Ostro B D
Air Pollution Epidemiology Unit, California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Berkeley 94704.
Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):213-6. doi: 10.1289/ehp.93101s4213.
Current evidence indicates that individuals exposed to short term elevations in ambient ozone may experience both upper and lower respiratory effects. Some respiratory symptoms and spirometric changes are mild and reversible in nature, while others involve more severe outcomes, including hospital admissions and emergency room visits. However, many questions remain about the effects of acute ozone exposure and the implications of this exposure for chronic disease outcomes. For example, the identification of sensitive subgroups, the delineation of the entire spectrum of health effects due to exposure to ozone, the potential synergy between viral infections and ozone exposure, and the nature of adaptation to ozone are not well characterized. In addition, studies that examine the association between acute responses to ozone and potential biological indicators of a chronic disease process would be desirable. This paper serves to provide an overview of the types of epidemiologic studies that may be appropriate and factors to consider in addressing these questions.
目前的证据表明，暴露于环境臭氧短期升高的个体可能会出现上呼吸道和下呼吸道效应。一些呼吸道症状和肺功能变化本质上是轻微且可逆的，而其他一些则涉及更严重的后果，包括住院和急诊就诊。然而，关于急性臭氧暴露的影响以及这种暴露对慢性病结局的影响，仍有许多问题。例如，敏感亚组的识别、臭氧暴露所致健康影响的整个范围的界定、病毒感染与臭氧暴露之间的潜在协同作用以及对臭氧的适应性质，都没有得到很好的描述。此外，研究急性臭氧反应与慢性病进程潜在生物学指标之间的关联将是很有必要的。本文旨在概述可能合适的流行病学研究类型以及解决这些问题时需要考虑的因素。
