Matsumoto K, Harada M
Division of Information Science and Arts, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Art, University of East Asia, Gakuen-cho Shimonoseki-shi, Japan.
Ergonomics. 1994 May;37(5):899-907. doi: 10.1080/00140139408963699.
A questionnaire was performed in order to investigate the effect of naps during duty on recovery from fatigue. Studies were performed on 12 male computer operators in each of two chemical plants working a four-team three-shift system. In one of the plants, the shift workers were able to take a 2 h nap during the night shift (nap group). In the other plant, no nap was taken (no-nap group). Before and after the two consecutive night shifts, both the nap and no-nap groups greatly extended their night sleeps, but the daytime sleep taken by the no-nap group during this period was significantly longer than that of the nap group on both the first and second days. No significant difference was found when comparing the length of the day sleep of the no-nap group with the total sleeping time (night-time nap plus subsequent day sleep) of the nap group. Therefore a night-time nap enables part of the essential sleep to be taken in advance of the day sleep following night work. During night work, both the nap and no-nap groups exhibited an increase in the sleepiness scores and also in the subjective feelings of fatigue concerning the complaints related to drowsiness, dullness and difficulty in concentration. However, it was found that for the no-nap group these effects continued for a large part of the recovery period following night work. It can therefore be surmised that naps taken during night-time work can be to a certain extent aid recovery from the fatigue caused by that work.
为了调查值班期间小睡对疲劳恢复的影响，我们进行了一项问卷调查。对两家化工厂中采用四班三倒制的12名男性计算机操作员进行了研究。在其中一家工厂，轮班工人能够在夜班期间小睡2小时（小睡组）。在另一家工厂，工人不进行小睡（无小睡组）。在连续两个夜班前后，小睡组和无小睡组的夜间睡眠时间都大幅延长，但在此期间，无小睡组的白天睡眠时间在第一天和第二天都显著长于小睡组。将无小睡组的白天睡眠时间与小睡组的总睡眠时间（夜间小睡加上随后的白天睡眠）进行比较时，未发现显著差异。因此，夜间小睡能够使部分必要的睡眠在夜班后的白天睡眠之前提前进行。在夜间工作期间，小睡组和无小睡组的嗜睡评分以及与困倦、迟钝和注意力不集中相关的疲劳主观感受均有所增加。然而，研究发现，对于无小睡组来说，这些影响在夜班后的大部分恢复期内持续存在。因此可以推测，夜间工作时进行小睡在一定程度上有助于从该工作引起的疲劳中恢复。
