Winkelmolen G H, Landeweerd J A, Drost M R
Occupational Health Center, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Ergonomics. 1994 May;37(5):921-32. doi: 10.1080/00140139408963701.
In the present laboratory study five two-person manual lifting techniques were evaluated as to the amount of physical exertion required of the nurses. Ten female volunteers served as nurses; two healthy volunteers (weight: 55 kg and 75 kg) served as passive patients. The working postures and motions were recorded on videotape. The data thus obtained were used in a anatomical-biomechanical analysis. The perceived exertion by the nurses was measured as well. In almost all situations the compressive forces on the nurse's spine exceeded their acceptable limit of 3425 N. Differences between the lifting techniques were most obvious when the 55 kg patient was lifted. Ratings of the perceived exertion (RPE scores) were higher in symmetrical handling than in asymmetrical handling. The three techniques using asymmetrical hand positions produced less subjective stress. RPE scores and rotation of the back were negatively correlated. Rotating the back when moving a patient from one side to the other seems to ease the task. On the whole, the results of the biomechanical evaluation are in line with the subjective perception of the nurses. In both instances the barrow lift appeared to be the most strenuous one; the Australian lift resulted in low compressive forces and a moderate level of perceived exertion.
在本实验室研究中，对五种两人手动搬运技术进行了评估，以确定护士所需的体力消耗。十名女性志愿者充当护士；两名健康志愿者（体重分别为55千克和75千克）充当被动患者。工作姿势和动作被录制在录像带上。由此获得的数据用于解剖生物力学分析。同时也测量了护士的主观用力感受。在几乎所有情况下，护士脊柱上的压力都超过了其可接受的3425牛的限度。当搬运55千克的患者时，搬运技术之间的差异最为明显。对称搬运时的主观用力感受评分（RPE评分）高于非对称搬运。三种采用非对称手部姿势的技术产生的主观压力较小。RPE评分与背部旋转呈负相关。将患者从一侧移到另一侧时转动背部似乎能减轻任务难度。总体而言，生物力学评估结果与护士的主观感受一致。在这两种情况下，手推车搬运似乎是最费力的一种；澳大利亚式搬运产生的压力较小，主观用力感受适中。
