Parver L M, Dannenberg A L, Blacklow B, Fowler C J, Brechner R J, Tielsch J M
Wilmer Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University.
Public Health Rep. 1993 Sep-Oct;108(5):625-32.
Ocular trauma is one of the most important preventable causes of visual impairment. The National Eye Trauma System was developed to provide optimal clinical care for severe ocular injuries, to foster research on eye injury, and to increase awareness of ocular trauma as a public health problem. From 1985 through 1991, the National Eye Trauma System Registry collected data on 2,939 cases of penetrating eye injury reported by ophthalmologists at 48 collaborating eye trauma centers in 28 States and Washington, DC. Eighty-three percent of the cases involved men; the median age of the patients was 27 years, ranging from 1 to 92 years of age. Seventy-seven percent of the injuries were unintentional, 22 percent were the result of assault, and 1 percent were self-inflicted. In 62 percent of the cases studied, the injured person's initial best corrected visual acuity in the injured eye was the ability to perceive hand motion, or worse. The settings in which the injuries occurred included the home (28 percent), the worksite (21 percent), at recreation (11 percent), and in transportation (8 percent). At the time of the injury, 1.5 percent of the injured persons were wearing safety glasses and 2.9 percent were wearing nonsafety glasses. There was evidence of definite or possible alcohol use by at least 24 percent of the injured persons and illicit drug use by 8 percent. The most frequent types of tissue damage included corneal or scleral laceration, traumatic cataract, intraocular foreign body, vitreous hemorrhage, and prolapse of intraocular tissue. Analyses of the causes and characteristics of ocular injuries reported to the National Eye Trauma System Registry will help identify high risk settings for such injuries. Results will be used to develop and implement interventions that will reduce the incidence of eye trauma.
眼外伤是导致视力损害的最重要的可预防原因之一。国家眼外伤系统的建立是为了为严重眼外伤提供最佳临床护理，促进眼外伤研究，并提高公众对眼外伤作为一个公共卫生问题的认识。1985年至1991年期间，国家眼外伤系统登记处收集了28个州和华盛顿特区48个合作眼外伤中心的眼科医生报告的2939例穿透性眼外伤病例的数据。83%的病例涉及男性；患者的中位年龄为27岁，年龄范围为1至92岁。77%的损伤是无意的，22%是袭击的结果，1%是自残造成的。在62%的研究病例中，受伤者受伤眼睛最初的最佳矫正视力是能够感知手动或更差。受伤发生的场所包括家庭（28%）、工作场所（21%）、娱乐场所（11%）和交通场所（8%）。受伤时，1.5%的受伤者佩戴了安全眼镜，2.9%的人佩戴了非安全眼镜。有证据表明，至少24%的受伤者有明确或可能饮酒，8%的人使用非法药物。最常见的组织损伤类型包括角膜或巩膜裂伤、外伤性白内障、眼内异物、玻璃体积血和眼内组织脱垂。对向国家眼外伤系统登记处报告的眼外伤的原因和特征进行分析，将有助于确定此类损伤的高风险场所。结果将用于制定和实施减少眼外伤发生率的干预措施。
