Wise D A
Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA.
Demography. 1997 Feb;34(1):83-95.
The American population is aging rapidly and individuals are living longer. Yet Americans are saving less and older workers are leaving the labor force at younger and younger ages. The accelerated drop in labor force participation corresponds roughly to the introduction of Social Security and the adaptation of employer-provided pension plans. I have illustrated that Social Security and employer-provided pension plans provide substantial incentive to leave the labor force early. The quantitative effect of this inducement is illustrated by simulating the effects of changes in pension plan and Social Security provisions on the retirement decisions of employees in a large firm, who are covered by a typical defined benefit pension plan. Scheduled Social Security changes would have little effect on the retirement decisions of employees with a typical defined benefit pension plan like the one considered here. But if the pension plan provisions were changed to correspond to the Social Security changes, the effect would be very large. And, although not contemplated by current legislation; it is clear that an increase in the Social Security early retirement age would have a substantial effect on the early retirement rates of the large number of employees not covered by a pension plan.
美国人口正在迅速老龄化，人们的寿命越来越长。然而，美国人的储蓄却在减少，老年工人离开劳动力市场的年龄越来越小。劳动力参与率的加速下降大致与社会保障的引入以及雇主提供的养老金计划的调整相对应。我已经说明，社会保障和雇主提供的养老金计划为提前离开劳动力市场提供了巨大的激励。通过模拟养老金计划和社会保障条款的变化对一家大公司中受典型固定收益养老金计划覆盖的员工退休决策的影响，可以说明这种诱因的量化效果。预定的社会保障变化对像这里所考虑的典型固定收益养老金计划的员工退休决策几乎没有影响。但是，如果养老金计划条款改变以与社会保障变化相对应，影响将非常大。而且，尽管当前立法没有考虑到这一点；但很明显，提高社会保障提前退休年龄将对大量没有养老金计划覆盖的员工的提前退休率产生重大影响。
