Carr P L, Friedman R H, Moskowitz M A, Kazis L E
Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts.
Ann Intern Med. 1993 Nov 1;119(9):908-13. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-119-9-199311010-00008.
To explore the status and academic productivity of women compared with men in academic internal medicine.
Mail survey done in 1986.
A total of 107 major teaching hospitals in the United States.
Full-time (1693 of 2510) faculty in cardiology, rheumatology, and general internal medicine; 67% of eligible men and 70% of eligible women.
Academic productivity defined as research grants awarded, abstracts accepted, and papers published in refereed journals; academic advancement as determined by academic rank and tenure status; and monetary compensation.
Women entered academic medicine with shorter periods of fellowship training and were less likely to be members in the Alpha Omega Alpha honor society, but they had job descriptions similar to those of men, with similar allocation of work between research, clinical, and teaching activities. After adjustment, women and men were similar in the numbers of research grants funded as principal investigator (1.9 compared with 2.0), abstracts accepted (6.8 compared with 6.1), and papers published in refereed journals (28.8 compared with 29.2; all with P > 0.20). Women were as likely as men to have tenure, but they had lower academic rank (full or associate professor; 33% compared with 47%, P < 0.001) and received less compensation ($72,000 compared with $79,600 annually; P < 0.001).
Although women do similar professional tasks and achieve similar levels of academic productivity, they receive fewer rewards for their work, both in academic rank and monetary compensation.
探讨与男性相比，女性在学术性内科领域的现状及学术产出情况。
1986年进行的邮件调查。
美国总共107家主要教学医院。
心脏病学、风湿病学和普通内科的全职教员（2510人中的1693人）；符合条件的男性中有67%，符合条件的女性中有70%。
学术产出定义为获得的研究资助、被接受的摘要以及在同行评审期刊上发表的论文；学术晋升由学术职称和终身职位确定；以及货币报酬。
女性进入学术性医学领域时的 fellowship 培训时间较短，不太可能成为Alpha Omega Alpha荣誉学会的成员，但她们的工作职责与男性相似，在研究、临床和教学活动之间的工作分配也相似。调整后，女性和男性作为主要研究者获得资助的研究项目数量（分别为1.9项和2.0项）、被接受的摘要数量（分别为6.8篇和6.1篇）以及在同行评审期刊上发表的论文数量（分别为28.8篇和29.2篇；所有P值均>0.20）相似。女性获得终身职位的可能性与男性相同，但她们的学术职称较低（正教授或副教授；分别为33%和47%，P<0.001），报酬也较少（每年分别为72,000美元和79,600美元；P<0.001）。
尽管女性承担着相似的专业任务，取得了相似水平的学术产出，但她们在学术职称和货币报酬方面获得的工作回报较少。
