Fuglsang G, Madsen C, Saval P, Osterballe O
Department of Pediatrics, Viborg Hospital, Denmark.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1993 Aug;4(3):123-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.1993.tb00080.x.
The prevalence of intolerance to food additives was assessed in a group of unselected school children aged 5-16 years. A study group of 271 children was selected on the basis of the results of a questionnaire on atopic disease answered by 4,274 (86%) school children in the municipality of Viborg, Denmark. The children in the study group followed an elimination diet for two weeks before they were challenged with a mixture of food preservatives, colourings and flavours. The challenge was open and the additives were prepared as a fizzy lemonade. If the open challenge was positive, a double-blind placebo controlled challenge with gelatine capsules was performed. The study included 281 children, 10 were excluded, and the remaining 271 children were given the open challenge (98 healthy controls and 173 with atopic symptoms). The open challenge was negative in all 98 healthy control children who had not reported any atopic symptoms. Of the 173 children reporting present or previous atopic disease 17 had a positive open challenge. Of these 17 children 1 experienced gastrointestinal symptoms, 13 reacted with aggravation of atopic eczema, and 3 with urticaria. Twelve of these 17 children went through the double-blind challenge which was positive in 6 cases. Five of these 6 children had positive reactions to synthetic colourings and 1 to citric acid. No serious reactions were seen. Based upon calculations of the results from this study and an earlier multi-center study in children referred to hospital clinics, the prevalence of intolerance to food additives in school children is estimated to be 1-2%.
在一组年龄在5至16岁、未经挑选的学童中评估了对食品添加剂不耐受的患病率。根据丹麦维堡市4274名（86%）学童回答的关于特应性疾病的问卷结果，挑选出了一个由271名儿童组成的研究组。研究组的儿童在接受食品防腐剂、色素和香料混合物激发试验之前，先进行了两周的排除饮食。激发试验是开放性的，添加剂被制成起泡柠檬水。如果开放性激发试验呈阳性，则进行明胶胶囊双盲安慰剂对照激发试验。该研究纳入了281名儿童，排除了10名，其余271名儿童接受了开放性激发试验（98名健康对照者和173名有特应性症状者）。所有98名未报告任何特应性症状的健康对照儿童的开放性激发试验均为阴性。在173名报告有现患或既往特应性疾病的儿童中，17名开放性激发试验呈阳性。在这17名儿童中，1名出现胃肠道症状，13名特应性湿疹加重，3名出现荨麻疹。这17名儿童中有12名进行了双盲激发试验，其中6例呈阳性。这6名儿童中有5名对合成色素呈阳性反应，1名对柠檬酸呈阳性反应。未观察到严重反应。根据本研究结果以及早期一项针对转诊至医院诊所儿童的多中心研究结果进行计算，估计学童中对食品添加剂不耐受的患病率为1%至2%。
