Maciejewska A, Wojtczak J, Bielichowska-Cybula G, Domańska A, Dutkiewicz J, Mołocznik A
Zakładu Aerozoli Instytutu Medycyny Pracy, Lodzi.
Med Pr. 1993;44(3):277-88.
The biological effect of exposure to wood dust depends on its composition and the content of microorganisms which are an inherent element of the dust. The irritant and allergic effects of wood dust have been recognised for a long time. The allergic effect is caused by the wood dust of subtropical trees, e.g. western red cedar (Thuja plicata), redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon), cocabolla (Dalbergia retusa) and others. Trees growing in the European climate such as: larch (Larix), walnut (Juglans regia), oak (Quercus), beech (Fagus), pine (Pinus) cause a little less pronounced allergic effect. Occupational exposure to irritative or allergic wood dust may lead to bronchial asthma, rhinitis, alveolitis allergica, DDTS (Organic dust toxic syndrome), bronchitis, allergic dermatitis, conjunctivitis. An increased risk of adenocarcinoma of the sinonasal cavity is an important and serious problem associated with occupational exposure to wood dust. Adenocarcinoma constitutes about half of the total number of cancers induced by wood dust. An increased incidence of the squamous cell cancers can also be observed. The highest risk of cancer applies to workers of the furniture industry, particularly those dealing with machine wood processing, cabinet making and carpentry. The cancer of the upper respiratory tract develops after exposure to many kinds of wood dust. However, the wood dust of oak and beech seems to be most carcinogenic. It is assumed that exposure to wood dust can cause an increased incidence of other cancers, especially lung cancer and Hodgkin's disease. The adverse effects of microorganisms, mainly mould fungi and their metabolic products are manifested by alveolitis allergica and ODTS. These microorganisms can induce aspergillomycosis, bronchial asthma, rhinitis and allergic dermatitis.
接触木尘的生物学效应取决于其成分以及作为木尘固有成分的微生物含量。木尘的刺激和过敏作用早已为人所知。过敏作用由亚热带树木的木尘引起，例如西部红雪松（北美乔柏）、红木（北美红杉）、非洲白梧桐（非洲轻木）、紫玫瑰wood（变色紫檀）等。生长在欧洲气候条件下的树木，如落叶松、核桃树、橡树、山毛榉、松树，引起的过敏作用稍弱。职业性接触刺激性或过敏性木尘可能导致支气管哮喘、鼻炎、过敏性肺泡炎、有机粉尘毒性综合征（ODTS）、支气管炎、过敏性皮炎、结膜炎。鼻窦腺癌风险增加是与职业性接触木尘相关的一个重要且严重的问题。腺癌约占木尘诱发癌症总数的一半。鳞状细胞癌的发病率也有所上升。患癌风险最高的是家具行业的工人，尤其是从事木材机械加工、细木工和木工工作的工人。上呼吸道癌症在接触多种木尘后发生。然而，橡木和山毛榉的木尘似乎最具致癌性。据推测，接触木尘可能导致其他癌症发病率增加，尤其是肺癌和霍奇金病。微生物（主要是霉菌及其代谢产物）的不良影响表现为过敏性肺泡炎和ODTS。这些微生物可诱发曲霉病、支气管哮喘、鼻炎和过敏性皮炎。
