Castro G A, Badial-Aceves F, Adams P R, Copeland E M, Dudrick S J
J Nutr. 1976 Oct;106(10):1484-91. doi: 10.1093/jn/106.10.1484.
Experiments were desinged to test the hypothesis that structural and chemical changes in the small intestine associated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) alter relationships between hosts and enteric parasites. Parenteral feeding of rats immunized to Trichinella spiralis (nematoda) led to a decrease in gut mass. This was reflected by a significant drop in gut wet weight and reductions in mucosal dry weight, DNA, protein, carbohydrate and lipid. These changes were accompanied also by lowered brush border enzyme activity. When challenged orally with 8 X 10(3) T. spiralis larvae and switched immediately to oral feeding, more worms became established in the small intestines of these rats than in rats given similar doses of larvae, but maintained by oral feeding throughout the experiment. Despite the significant difference in initial worm burden, both enterally fed and parenterally fed rats completely expelled their parasites by 7 and 8 days postinfection, respectively. Results indicated that factors involved in preventing establishment of T. spiralis in immunized rats were suppressed by the prolonged absence of food from the GI tract, whereas factors responsible for expelling worms that were able to gain residence in the mucosa appeared to be unaltered or at least functionally reversible.
与全胃肠外营养（TPN）相关的小肠结构和化学变化会改变宿主与肠道寄生虫之间的关系。对旋毛虫（线虫）免疫的大鼠进行肠外喂养导致肠道质量下降。这表现为肠道湿重显著下降，以及粘膜干重、DNA、蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂质减少。这些变化还伴随着刷状缘酶活性降低。当用8×10³个旋毛虫幼虫经口攻击并立即改为经口喂养时，与在整个实验中通过经口喂养维持的、给予相似剂量幼虫的大鼠相比，更多的蠕虫在这些大鼠的小肠中定居。尽管初始虫负荷存在显著差异，但经肠内喂养和肠外喂养的大鼠分别在感染后7天和8天完全驱除了它们的寄生虫。结果表明，胃肠道长期缺乏食物会抑制免疫大鼠中阻止旋毛虫定居的因素，而负责驱除能够在粘膜中定居的蠕虫的因素似乎未改变或至少在功能上是可逆的。
