Howard B J
Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Merlewood Research Station, Grange-over-Sands, Cumbria, U.K.
Sci Total Environ. 1993 Sep 24;137:249-60. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(93)90392-j.
Countermeasures involving changes in management practices which are suitable for use in semi-natural ecosystems are described. Most of the relevant information relates to radio-caesium, but the applicability for some other radionuclides has also been evaluated. Improved live-monitoring techniques for radiocaesium, developed since the Chernobyl accident, allow the identification of animals whose contamination levels exceed the intervention limits, so that countermeasures can be effectively chosen and targeted. Generally the most effective approach for domesticated and semi-domesticated animals is either to remove contaminated animals from the affected area or to provide uncontaminated feed. Uncontaminated feed is given continuously for dairy animals or in the final fattening stages for meat-producing animals. The introduction of other effective changes in management practices, such as changing hunting seasons for game, or slaughtering at a time of year when the animals have been grazing on less contaminated herbage, depends on a good understanding of the behaviour of radionuclides in these ecosystems. In practice, the most effective countermeasures which can used to reduce radionuclide contamination of animals in semi-natural ecosystems will be obtained by a combination of both management changes and the use of chemical binders to prevent gut absorption.
本文描述了适用于半自然生态系统的管理措施变化方面的应对措施。大部分相关信息涉及放射性铯，但也对其他一些放射性核素的适用性进行了评估。自切尔诺贝利事故以来开发的改进后的放射性铯实时监测技术，能够识别出污染水平超过干预限值的动物，从而可以有效地选择和确定应对措施的目标。一般来说，对于家养和半家养动物，最有效的方法要么是将受污染的动物从受影响地区转移出去，要么是提供未受污染的饲料。对于奶牛持续提供未受污染的饲料，对于肉类生产动物则在育肥最后阶段提供。引入管理措施的其他有效变化，如改变狩猎季节或在一年中动物食用受污染较少的牧草时进行屠宰，这取决于对这些生态系统中放射性核素行为的充分了解。实际上，通过管理措施的改变与使用化学结合剂防止肠道吸收相结合，能够获得用于减少半自然生态系统中动物放射性核素污染的最有效应对措施。
