Hove K
Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Norway, As.
Sci Total Environ. 1993 Sep 24;137:235-48. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(93)90391-i.
The same chemicals can be used for reduction of radionuclide transfer to animals whether kept on farms or grazing in semi-natural and natural habitats. However, different techniques are required for administration of the active compounds. Dairy ruminants may be treated effectively by inclusion of chemicals in supplemental concentrates. Practical experience gained after the Chernobyl accident has shown that both clay minerals and hexacyanoferrates are effective in preventing high radiocaesium levels in animal products. Chemicals such as bentonite clays and CaCO3, used for reduction of 137Cs and 90Sr transfer respectively, must be fed in hectogram quantities and are only practical for dairy animals in semi-natural ecosystems. Salt licks and sustained release boli with hexacyanoferrates as caesium binders have been developed and used successfully after the Chernobyl accident for meat producing cattle, sheep and reindeer which graze freely for extended periods. Daily doses of 25-300 mg in sheep and 250-2000 mg in cows reduces 137Cs accumulation 2-10-fold. Binders for 90Sr have not been tested in grazing animals. Stable iodine could be provided in salt licks and indwelling rumen boli at rates required to block radioiodine uptake by the thyroid gland. Boli and salt licks are highly cost effective in reducing doses to man when compared to interdiction of food from farm animals.
无论是饲养在农场还是在半自然和自然栖息地放牧的动物，都可以使用相同的化学物质来减少放射性核素的转移。然而，活性化合物的施用需要不同的技术。对于奶牛等反刍动物，可以通过在补充精饲料中添加化学物质来进行有效处理。切尔诺贝利事故后获得的实践经验表明，粘土矿物和六氰合铁酸盐在防止动物产品中出现高放射性铯水平方面都是有效的。分别用于减少137Cs和90Sr转移的膨润土和CaCO3等化学物质，必须以百克量投喂，并且仅适用于半自然生态系统中的奶牛。已经开发出以六氰合铁酸盐作为铯结合剂的盐砖和缓释丸剂，并在切尔诺贝利事故后成功用于长期自由放牧的肉牛、绵羊和驯鹿。绵羊每日剂量为25 - 300毫克，奶牛为250 - 2000毫克，可使137Cs积累量减少2 - 10倍。用于90Sr的结合剂尚未在放牧动物身上进行测试。可以通过盐砖和瘤胃内置丸剂以阻止甲状腺摄取放射性碘所需的速率提供稳定碘。与禁止食用农场动物的食物相比，丸剂和盐砖在减少人类剂量方面具有很高的成本效益。
