Chester G
ZENECA Agrochemicals, Haslemere, Surrey, U.K.
Ann Occup Hyg. 1993 Oct;37(5):509-23. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/37.5.509.
The evaluation of the occupational exposure of agricultural workers to pesticides is an integral part of the risk assessment for product safety and regulatory purposes. At present, there is no internationally accepted, harmonized approach to this exposure evaluation. This paper reviews the currently available methods for the measurement of exposure to, and absorption of, pesticides by workers involved in their use and in associated agricultural activities. Biological monitoring is recommended as the most precise means of estimating the absorbed dose of a pesticide, particularly if supported by human metabolism and pharmacokinetic data. A 'whole-body' sampling method is recommended for the measurement of dermal exposure. For concurrent exposure and biological monitoring a refined 'whole-body' method is recommended which involves the use of clothing representing that which workers normally wear under the prevailing conditions. A personal air sampling method is recommended for the measurement of inhalation exposure, to collect the 'inspirable' fraction (and/or, where necessary, vapour component) of pesticide. These ambient exposure monitoring methods may be conducted simultaneously with biological monitoring. Guidelines are proposed for the conduct of field studies to evaluate exposure to, and absorption of, pesticides to satisfy the requirements of regulatory authority and other organizations.
评估农业工人接触农药的职业暴露情况，是出于产品安全和监管目的进行风险评估的一个组成部分。目前，对于这种暴露评估，尚无国际认可的统一方法。本文综述了目前可用于测量使用农药及从事相关农业活动的工人接触和吸收农药情况的方法。建议将生物监测作为估算农药吸收剂量的最精确手段，特别是在有人类代谢和药代动力学数据支持的情况下。推荐采用“全身”采样方法来测量皮肤暴露。对于同时进行暴露和生物监测，建议采用一种改进的“全身”方法，该方法涉及使用能代表工人在当前条件下通常穿着的衣物。推荐采用个人空气采样方法来测量吸入暴露，以收集农药的“可吸入”部分（和/或在必要时收集蒸汽成分）。这些环境暴露监测方法可与生物监测同时进行。本文提出了开展实地研究以评估农药暴露和吸收情况的指导原则，以满足监管机构和其他组织的要求。
