Machado M L, Beatty P W, Fetzer J C, Glickman A H, McGinnis E L
Chevron Research and Technology Company, Richmond, California 94804-0054.
Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1993 Nov;21(4):492-9. doi: 10.1006/faat.1993.1125.
Fume condensates from asphalt and coal tar pitch were evaluated to determine if polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) composition, crude oil source, or temperature at which the fume was generated correlated with mutagenic activity. The fume condensates were tested for mutagenic activity using a modified Ames Test. Benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and other PAHs were detected in all samples. The concentration of BP in coal tar pitch was 18,100 ppm while the concentration in asphalt was less than 6 ppm. Coal tar fumes contained between two and three orders of magnitude more BP, as well as other PAH species, than asphalt fumes. Coal tar fume condensates were also approximately 100 times more mutagenic than those of asphalt. Generation temperature, crude oil source, and/or process conditions affected the PAH concentrations but not the mutagenicity in roofing asphalt fume condensates. With paving asphalt fumes, PAH content and mutagenicity varied with crude oil source but not with processing conditions; due to limited data, it was not possible to determine the effect of generation temperature. Coal tar pitch fumes generated at 316 degrees C contained significantly higher concentrations of PAHs than those generated at 232 degrees C and the mutagenic activity generally paralleled the PAH content. A subset of the paving asphalts demonstrated good correlation between mutagenicity and three- to seven-ring PAH content. These results indicate that asphalt fumes are far less mutagenic than coal tar fumes. Asphalt fumes differ in their ability to induce mutagenic activity, and, most likely, in their potential carcinogenicity.
对来自沥青和煤焦油沥青的烟雾冷凝物进行了评估，以确定多环芳烃（PAH）的组成、原油来源或烟雾产生时的温度是否与致突变活性相关。使用改良的艾姆斯试验对烟雾冷凝物的致突变活性进行了测试。在所有样品中均检测到苯并[a]芘（BP）和其他多环芳烃。煤焦油沥青中BP的浓度为18,100 ppm，而沥青中的浓度低于6 ppm。煤焦油烟雾中的BP以及其他多环芳烃种类比沥青烟雾多两到三个数量级。煤焦油烟雾冷凝物的致突变性也比沥青烟雾冷凝物大约高100倍。生成温度、原油来源和/或工艺条件会影响屋面沥青烟雾冷凝物中的多环芳烃浓度，但不会影响其致突变性。对于铺路沥青烟雾，多环芳烃含量和致突变性随原油来源而变化，但不随加工条件而变化；由于数据有限，无法确定生成温度的影响。在316摄氏度下产生的煤焦油沥青烟雾中多环芳烃的浓度明显高于在232摄氏度下产生的烟雾，并且致突变活性通常与多环芳烃含量平行。一部分铺路沥青在致突变性和三至七环多环芳烃含量之间表现出良好的相关性。这些结果表明，沥青烟雾的致突变性远低于煤焦油烟雾。沥青烟雾在诱导致突变活性的能力上存在差异，并且很可能在其潜在致癌性上也存在差异。
