Hellénius M L, de Faire U, Berglund B, Hamsten A, Krakau I
Sollentuna Primary Health Care Centre, Sweden.
Atherosclerosis. 1993 Oct;103(1):81-91. doi: 10.1016/0021-9150(93)90042-s.
To study the impact of diet and exercise and the combination thereof on cardiovascular risk factors, 157 healthy men aged 35-60 years (mean +/- S.D.; 46.2 +/- 5.0) with slightly to moderately raised cardiovascular risk factors, were randomized to 4 groups, diet (D, n = 40), exercise (E, n = 39), diet plus exercise (DE, n = 39), and no active intervention (controls (C, n = 39)), and investigated at baseline and after 6 months. BMI was significantly reduced in Groups E and DE (mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CI), -0.3 (-0.5, -0.01) and -0.6 (-0.9, -0.3) kg/m2, respectively). Waist circumference was reduced in all 3 intervention groups (D, E, and DE), -1.3 (-2.5, -0.1), -2.2 (-3.2, -1.3) and -3.0 (-3.9, -2.0) cm, but not in the control group. Blood pressure (BP) was reduced in all 3 intervention groups, systolic BP 4-7 mmHg and diastolic BP 2-6 mmHg. Serum cholesterol was reduced in Group DE, -0.45 (-0.77, -0.13) mmol/l. VLDL-cholesterol was reduced in Groups E and DE, -0.14 (-0.26, -0.03) and -0.09 (-0.18, -0.01) mmol/l, whereas LDL-cholesterol was reduced in Groups D and DE -0.30 (-0.54, -0.06) and -0.35 (-0.64, -0.05) mmol/l. In contrast, neither HDL-cholesterol nor serum triglycerides were influenced by the interventions. According to the coronary risk profile derived from the Framingham study, all 3 intervention groups (D, E, and DE) significantly reduced their estimated 10-year risk (-13, -12, and -14%, respectively). We conclude that even with rather moderate changes in diet and exercise, several important cardiovascular risk factors can be affected and that diet and exercise were about equally effective in reducing cardiovascular risk.
为研究饮食、运动及其联合干预对心血管危险因素的影响，将157名年龄在35 - 60岁（平均±标准差；46.2±5.0）、心血管危险因素轻度至中度升高的健康男性随机分为4组，即饮食组（D，n = 40）、运动组（E，n = 39）、饮食加运动组（DE，n = 39）和无主动干预组（对照组（C，n = 39）），并在基线期和6个月后进行调查。E组和DE组的体重指数（BMI）显著降低（平均差值和95%置信区间（CI）分别为-0.3（-0.5，-0.01）和-0.6（-0.9，-0.3）kg/m²）。所有3个干预组（D、E和DE）的腰围均减小，分别为-1.3（-2.5，-0.1）、-2.2（-3.2，-1.3）和-3.0（-3.9，-2.0）cm，而对照组未减小。所有3个干预组的血压（BP）均降低，收缩压降低4 - 7 mmHg，舒张压降低2 - 6 mmHg。DE组的血清胆固醇降低，为-0.45（-0.77，-0.13）mmol/l。E组和DE组的极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（VLDL-胆固醇）降低，分别为-0.14（-0.26，-0.03）和-0.09（-0.18，-0.01）mmol/l，而D组和DE组的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-胆固醇）降低，分别为-0.30（-0.54，-0.06）和-0.35（-0.64，-0.05）mmol/l。相比之下，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-胆固醇）和血清甘油三酯均未受干预影响。根据弗雷明汉研究得出的冠心病风险概况，所有3个干预组（D、E和DE）的估计10年风险均显著降低（分别降低-13%、-12%和-14%）。我们得出结论，即使饮食和运动仅有相当适度的改变，也可影响多个重要的心血管危险因素，且饮食和运动在降低心血管风险方面效果大致相同。
