Achenbach T M, Howell C T
Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington 05401.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1993 Nov;32(6):1145-54. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00006.
To determine whether the prevalence of children's behavioral/emotional problems changed significantly over a 13-year period.
Problems and competencies reported by parents and teachers for a random sample of 7 to 16 years old assessed in 1989 were compared with those reported by parents for a 1976 sample and by teachers for a 1981 to 1982 sample. Parent reports were obtained with the Child Behavior Checklist; teacher reports were obtained with the Teacher's Report Form.
Problem scores were higher and competence scores were lower in 1989 than in the earlier assessments. The secular changes were small but included diverse problems, syndromes, and competencies. Changes did not differ significantly by age, gender, socioeconomic status, nor black/white ethnicity. Correlations of 0.97 to 0.99 between rankings of item scores across 7.5- and 13-year intervals support the stability of the assessment procedures. Despite increases in problem scores, the 1989 U.S. scores were not higher than those in several other cultures.
Viewed categorically in terms of caseness, more untreated children in the 1989 than the 1976 sample would be considered to need help. Multicohort longitudinal studies now in progress will test predictors of within- and between-cohort change.
确定儿童行为/情绪问题的患病率在13年期间是否有显著变化。
将1989年对7至16岁随机抽样儿童的家长和教师报告的问题及能力表现，与1976年样本中家长报告的情况以及1981至1982年样本中教师报告的情况进行比较。家长报告通过儿童行为清单获取；教师报告通过教师报告表获取。
1989年的问题得分高于早期评估，能力得分低于早期评估。长期变化虽小，但涉及多种问题、综合征和能力表现。这些变化在年龄、性别、社会经济地位以及黑人/白人种族方面无显著差异。7.5年和13年间隔的项目得分排名之间的相关性为0.97至0.99，这支持了评估程序的稳定性。尽管问题得分有所增加，但1989年美国的得分并不高于其他几种文化中的得分。
从病例情况来看，1989年比1976年样本中有更多未接受治疗的儿童被认为需要帮助。正在进行的多队列纵向研究将测试队列内和队列间变化的预测因素。
