Achenbach T M, Bird H R, Canino G, Phares V, Gould M S, Rubio-Stipec M
Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington 05401.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1990 Jan;29(1):84-93. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00014.
U.S. mainland and Puerto Rican nonreferred samples were compared via the Child Behavior Checklist (ages 4 to 16), Teacher's Report Form (ages 6 to 16), and Youth Self-Report (ages 12 to 16). Problem scores were significantly higher in parent and teacher ratings of Puerto Rican than mainland subjects, but were significantly lower in self-ratings by Puerto Rican adolescents. Adolescents in both cultures reported significantly more problems than their parents or teachers did. Most of the significant cross-cultural differences in parent, teacher, and self-ratings of competencies showed more favorable scores for the mainland subjects. High referral rates, a high prevalence of DSM diagnoses, and low scores on the Children's Global Assessment Scale are consistent with the high problem rates reported by Puerto Rican parents and teachers but not with the lower rates reported by adolescents. Different clinical cutoffs may be needed for all assessments in the mainland versus Puerto Rico.
通过儿童行为量表（4至16岁）、教师报告表（6至16岁）和青少年自我报告（12至16岁）对美国本土和波多黎各未被转诊的样本进行了比较。在家长和教师对波多黎各儿童的评分中，问题得分显著高于本土儿童，但波多黎各青少年的自我评分则显著较低。两种文化背景下的青少年报告的问题都比他们的父母或教师报告的要多得多。在家长、教师和自我对能力的评分中，大多数显著的跨文化差异显示本土儿童的得分更优。高转诊率、精神疾病诊断统计手册（DSM）诊断的高患病率以及儿童总体评估量表的低分，与波多黎各家长和教师报告的高问题率相符，但与青少年报告的较低问题率不符。在美国本土和波多黎各，所有评估可能都需要不同的临床临界值。
