Harvey J, Wing R R, Mullen M
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405-0148.
Appetite. 1993 Oct;21(2):105-15. doi: 10.1016/0195-6663(93)90003-3.
It is commonly believed that dieting and the restriction of specific types of foods produces cravings for these foods. This study, therefore, compared changes in self-reported cravings experienced by 93 obese subjects with Type II diabetes who were randomly assigned to behavioral treatment programmes which used either: (a) a balanced, low-calorie diet (LCD) of 1000-1200 kcal/day throughout, with all foods allowed in moderation, or (b) a programme which included a 12-week period of a very low calorie diet (VLCD), where intake was restricted to 400 kcal/day with only lean meat, fish, or fowl allowed. There were significant decreases in cravings for all types of foods over the 20 weeks of the study for both the VLCD and the LCD conditions. The decreases in cravings were particularly pronounced for the VLCD condition for low-fat, high-protein foods (the only foods allowed on the VLCD) and for complex carbohydrates, especially grains (one of the types of foods prohibited on this diet). There was no evidence to support the belief that restricting intake of certain foods leads to increased craving for these foods or that the magnitude of weight loss is related to food cravings.
人们普遍认为节食和限制特定类型的食物会引发对这些食物的渴望。因此，本研究比较了93名患有II型糖尿病的肥胖受试者的自我报告渴望的变化，这些受试者被随机分配到行为治疗方案中，这些方案采用：(a) 一种全天1000 - 1200千卡的均衡低热量饮食（LCD），所有食物均可适量食用；或 (b) 一个包括12周极低热量饮食（VLCD）的方案，摄入量限制在每天400千卡，只允许食用瘦肉、鱼或禽肉。在研究的20周内，VLCD和LCD两种情况下，对所有类型食物的渴望都有显著下降。对于VLCD情况，对低脂、高蛋白食物（VLCD唯一允许的食物）以及复合碳水化合物，特别是谷物（这种饮食中禁止的食物类型之一）的渴望下降尤为明显。没有证据支持限制某些食物的摄入会导致对这些食物的渴望增加，或者体重减轻的幅度与食物渴望有关的观点。
