Zeman D, Neiger R, Yaeger M, Nelson E, Benfield D, Leslie-Steen P, Thomson J, Miskimins D, Daly R, Minehart M
Department of Veterinary Science/Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57006.
J Vet Diagn Invest. 1993 Oct;5(4):522-8. doi: 10.1177/104063879300500404.
Late in 1991, an enveloped RNA virus (now called porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome [PRRS] virus) was identified as the etiologic agent for mystery swine disease. In 1992, laboratory procedures for the diagnosis of this disease evolved rapidly, and veterinary diagnosticians started applying these tests to field cases. This report is written from the perspective of veterinary laboratory diagnosticians and utilizes 3 case studies to define the advantages and disadvantages of the various available diagnostic laboratory PRRS test procedures in different clinical situations. The diagnostic procedures currently used in our laboratory for investigating PRRS are pathologic examination, serologic testing, fluorescent antibody (FA) testing, and virus isolation. Interstitial pneumonia, characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration of alveolar walls with normal airway epithelium, is a hallmark lesion for the disease, especially in neonatal pigs with respiratory distress. Interstitial pneumonia is not a specific lesion and must be coupled with other tests to verify PRRS virus infection. Demonstration of seroconversion is helpful, especially in sows that have experienced reproductive failure. The indirect FA test detects antibody sooner than the serum neutralization test and will likely become the serologic test of choice. The direct FA test on fresh tissue utilizes monoclonal antibody and is useful for investigating PRRS virus-associated pneumonia. Virus isolation utilizing swine alveolar macrophages has also been a useful diagnostic procedure. All of the above tests have been universally unrewarding when applied to aborted, mummified, or stillborn piglets.
1991年末，一种有包膜的RNA病毒（现称为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征[PRRS]病毒）被确认为神秘猪病的病原体。1992年，该疾病的实验室诊断程序迅速发展，兽医诊断人员开始将这些检测方法应用于实际病例。本报告是从兽医实验室诊断人员的角度撰写的，并利用3个案例研究来界定各种可用的PRRS诊断实验室检测程序在不同临床情况下的优缺点。我们实验室目前用于调查PRRS的诊断程序包括病理检查、血清学检测、荧光抗体（FA）检测和病毒分离。间质性肺炎，其特征为肺泡壁单核细胞浸润且气道上皮正常，是该疾病的标志性病变，尤其是在有呼吸窘迫的新生仔猪中。间质性肺炎并非特异性病变，必须结合其他检测来证实PRRS病毒感染。血清转化的证明很有帮助，尤其是在经历过繁殖失败的母猪中。间接FA检测比血清中和试验能更快地检测到抗体，很可能会成为首选的血清学检测方法。对新鲜组织进行的直接FA检测使用单克隆抗体，对调查PRRS病毒相关肺炎很有用。利用猪肺泡巨噬细胞进行病毒分离也是一种有用的诊断程序。当应用于流产、木乃伊化或死产仔猪时，上述所有检测方法普遍都没有取得成效。
