Beck F
Environ Health Perspect. 1976 Dec;18:5-12. doi: 10.1289/ehp.76185.
The distinction between histiotrophic nutrition (in which local macromolecules are chiefly responsible for the maintenance of the embryo) and hemotrophic nutrition (which results from a transfer of material between the maternal and fetal circulations) is made. Placentation in a number of commonly used laboratory animals and in man is described, and it is shown that dependence upon histiotroph and hemotroph varies greatly, not only between species but also at different stages of gestation in a single species. These facts are likely to be reflected in considerably differences in response to certain teratogens; they must be carefully considered when experimental results are extrapolated between species. The significance to man of an agent which has been shown to be teratogenic in a single species of experimental animals should be evaluated in terms of possible differences in placental function between man and that species. This is particularly so if there is a suspicion that the potential teratogen may affect the fetal membranes.
明确了组织营养（其中局部大分子主要负责胚胎的维持）和血液营养（这是母胎循环之间物质转移的结果）之间的区别。描述了一些常用实验动物和人类的胎盘形成情况，结果表明，对组织营养物和血液营养物的依赖程度差异很大，不仅在不同物种之间如此，而且在同一物种的不同妊娠阶段也是如此。这些事实很可能反映在对某些致畸剂的反应存在相当大的差异上；在不同物种之间外推实验结果时，必须仔细考虑这些因素。对于已被证明在单一实验动物物种中具有致畸性的一种物质，应根据人类与该物种之间胎盘功能可能存在的差异来评估其对人类的意义。如果怀疑潜在的致畸剂可能影响胎膜，情况尤其如此。
