Levine S, Atha K, Wiener S G
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5095.
Behav Neural Biol. 1993 Nov;60(3):225-33. doi: 10.1016/0163-1047(93)90428-k.
This study was conducted to determine whether juvenile squirrel monkeys exposed to a snake for a 60-min episode during the preweaning period display behavioral and physiological responses to a snake similar to those displayed by feral-born adult monkeys. Juvenile male monkeys born to feral mothers in the lab were either exposed to a live snake during infancy or were snake-naive. Simultaneously tested were adult feral-born and adult lab-born (snake-naive) males. Juveniles exposed as infants to a snake displayed behavioral responses and plasma cortisol elevations following exposure to the snake that were similar to those of feral-born adults. In contrast, the snake-naive monkeys, regardless of age, rarely vocalized at the snake and displayed lower plasma cortisol elevations. These behavioral and physiological responses did not appear to be elicited by a moving animate stimulus per se, insofar as exposure to a moving fish elicited minimal behavioral changes and no cortisol elevations. In contrast to previous findings, these studies indicate that lab-born snake-naive squirrel monkeys are responsive to snakes, but that experience with snakes in infancy produces behavioral and physiological responses more similar to those observed in feral-born monkeys.
本研究旨在确定断奶前阶段暴露于蛇60分钟的幼年松鼠猴是否会表现出与野生出生的成年猴相似的对蛇的行为和生理反应。实验室中由野生母亲所生的幼年雄猴，在婴儿期要么暴露于活蛇，要么未接触过蛇。同时测试的还有野生出生的成年雄猴和实验室出生的成年雄猴（未接触过蛇）。婴儿期暴露于蛇的幼年猴在接触蛇后表现出的行为反应和血浆皮质醇升高与野生出生的成年猴相似。相比之下，未接触过蛇的猴子，无论年龄大小，在看到蛇时很少发出叫声，且血浆皮质醇升高幅度较小。这些行为和生理反应似乎并非由移动的活体刺激本身引发，因为接触移动的鱼只会引起最小的行为变化且不会导致皮质醇升高。与之前的研究结果相反，这些研究表明，实验室出生且未接触过蛇的松鼠猴对蛇有反应，但婴儿期接触蛇会产生更类似于野生出生猴子所观察到的行为和生理反应。
