Nelson Eric E, Shelton Steven E, Kalin Ned H
Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53719-1176, USA.
Emotion. 2003 Mar;3(1):3-11. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.3.
The authors demonstrated individual differences in inhibited behavior and withdrawal responses of laboratory-born rhesus monkeys when initially exposed to a snake. Most monkeys displayed a small significant increase in their behavioral inhibition in the presence of a snake. A few monkeys had marked responses, and some actively withdrew. Although the responses of the most extreme laboratory-born monkeys were comparable to feral-born monkeys, the responses of the laboratory-born monkeys rapidly habituated. The individual differences in the responses of naïve monkeys likely reflect a continuum from orienting to wariness to fear. A neurobiological model is presented that addresses potential mechanisms underlying these individual differences, their relation to fear, and how they may predispose to phobia development.
作者展示了实验室出生的恒河猴在首次接触蛇时，其抑制行为和退缩反应存在个体差异。大多数猴子在蛇出现时行为抑制有小幅显著增加。少数猴子有明显反应，有些则主动退缩。尽管最极端的实验室出生猴子的反应与野生出生猴子相当，但实验室出生猴子的反应很快就习惯化了。天真猴子反应的个体差异可能反映了从定向到警惕再到恐惧的连续过程。本文提出了一个神经生物学模型，该模型阐述了这些个体差异背后的潜在机制、它们与恐惧的关系，以及它们如何可能导致恐惧症的发展。
