Responses to whole body and finger cooling before and after an Antarctic expedition.

Eight subjects, who were indoor workers and not habitually exposed to cold, spent 53 days in Antarctica. They did mainly geological field work often requiring the use of bare hands. The effects of the expedition on responses to a whole body cold exposure test, a finger blood flow test and a cold pressor test were studied. After the expedition, during whole-body cooling the time for the onset of shivering was delayed by 36 min (P < 0.001) and forearm and thigh temperatures were 1.5 degrees C higher (P < 0.05) at the end of exposure. During local cooling of the finger with 10 degrees C perfusion, finger vascular resistance was 14.9 (SEM 6.6) mmHg.ml-1.min.100 ml (P < 0.05) lower and finger temperature 3.9 (SEM 0.8) degrees C higher (P < 0.01). However, the decrease in rectal temperature during whole-body cooling was unaltered and the response to a cold pressor test was unchanged. The data would indicate that partial acclimatization to cold had been developed. Changes in forearm temperature were correlated with the duration of cold exposure of the hands (P < 0.05) and finger vascular resistance and finger temperature were correlated with responses to cooling before the expedition (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). Because the ambient temperature was not clearly lower in Antarctica in comparison to Finland, the reason for the changes developed seems to be the increased exposure to the outdoor climate in Antarctica.