Wakabayashi A
Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo.
Shinrigaku Kenkyu. 1993 Oct;64(4):296-312. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.64.296.
The purpose is to review the trend in "person-situation controversy", and to comment on recent literature and their implications. "Person-situation controversy" is related to whether people do or do not have consistent personality traits. Although the topic is not at all new, it aroused a great deal of interest since the publication of Mischel's (1968) "personality and assessment". Here, we began with Mischel's criticism against the trait approach, then, we discussed two opposite viewpoints of situationism and interactionism. Situationism is the idea that situational variables influence more on the behavior of people than personality traits, while interactionism is the idea that personality traits and situations interact with each other to influence behavior. Furthermore, this article focussed on three conceptual issues, such as consistency, prediction, and meaning of traits. Finally, the reconsideration and evaluation of the two viewpoints were presented from a viewpoint of personality psychology.
本文旨在回顾“人-情境争议”的发展趋势，并对近期的相关文献及其影响进行评论。“人-情境争议”涉及人们是否具有一致的人格特质。尽管该话题并非全新，但自米歇尔（1968年）发表《人格与评估》以来，它引发了广泛关注。在此，我们首先介绍了米歇尔对特质理论的批判，接着探讨了情境主义和交互作用论这两种对立观点。情境主义认为情境变量对人的行为影响大于人格特质，而交互作用论则认为人格特质与情境相互作用以影响行为。此外，本文聚焦于三个概念性问题，如特质的一致性、预测性和意义。最后，从人格心理学的角度对这两种观点进行了重新审视和评价。
