West S K
Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
Optom Vis Sci. 1993 Nov;70(11):869-72. doi: 10.1097/00006324-199311000-00002.
Blindness due to cataract continues to take a heavy toll on economic, social, and personal resources. Research into factors that may cause or prevent cataracts is of the highest priority. In this paper, the epidemiological evidence is summarized on the role of sunlight exposure and antioxidants for cataract. To date, there are consistent findings linking ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation to cataract, particularly cortical and posterior subcapsular opacities. Antioxidants are likely to exert a protective effect against oxidative stress in the lens, but the current epidemiologic data present less coherent support for this hypothesis. Difficulties in summarizing these data include different methods for assessing antioxidant status, widely varying populations, and different research designs. Nevertheless, most studies have found some measure of antioxidant status to be associated with some type of cataract. Future research directions are described.
白内障导致的失明继续给经济、社会和个人资源造成沉重损失。对可能导致或预防白内障的因素进行研究是重中之重。本文总结了关于阳光照射和抗氧化剂在白内障形成中作用的流行病学证据。迄今为止，已有一致的研究结果表明紫外线B（UV-B）辐射与白内障有关，尤其是皮质性和后囊下混浊。抗氧化剂可能对晶状体中的氧化应激发挥保护作用，但目前的流行病学数据对这一假设的支持不太一致。总结这些数据存在困难，包括评估抗氧化剂状态的方法不同、研究人群差异很大以及研究设计不同。尽管如此，大多数研究发现某种抗氧化剂状态指标与某种类型的白内障有关。文中还描述了未来的研究方向。
