Prince R C
Exxon Research and Engineering, Annandale, NJ 08801.
Crit Rev Microbiol. 1993;19(4):217-42. doi: 10.3109/10408419309113530.
Bioremediation is a promising technology for responding to marine oil spills. A majority of molecules in crude oils and refined products are biodegradable, and they will eventually leave the environment as they are consumed by microbes. Bioremediation aims to stimulate the rate of this process. Successful bioremediation efforts have so far focused on applying fertilizers to aerobic oiled shorelines to at least partially relieve the nitrogen limitation of biodegradation by indigenous microorganisms. Nevertheless, there seems to be room for improving the process by developing better fertilizers, developing surfactants to stimulate degradation, and perhaps using exogenous bacteria. There also is room to extend the application to oiled marshes and other anaerobic sediments, and perhaps to floating slicks. This review covers our present understanding of hydrocarbon degradation in the marine environment, and discusses field trials and field use of bioremediation as an important adjunct to other tools for responding to marine oil spills.
生物修复是应对海洋石油泄漏的一项很有前景的技术。原油和精炼产品中的大多数分子都是可生物降解的，随着它们被微生物消耗，最终会从环境中消失。生物修复旨在加快这一过程的速度。迄今为止，成功的生物修复工作主要集中在向有氧的油污海岸线施用肥料，以至少部分缓解本地微生物进行生物降解时的氮限制。然而，通过研发更好的肥料、开发促进降解的表面活性剂以及或许使用外源细菌，似乎还有改进这一过程的空间。将其应用扩展到油污沼泽和其他厌氧沉积物，甚至可能应用于漂浮的油膜，也还有空间。本综述涵盖了我们目前对海洋环境中烃类降解的认识，并讨论了生物修复作为应对海洋石油泄漏的其他工具的重要辅助手段的现场试验和实际应用情况。
