Pelletier E, Delille D, Delille B
Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, G5L 3A1 Rimouski, Canada.
Mar Environ Res. 2004 May;57(4):311-27. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2003.07.001.
The effectiveness of fertilizers for crude oil bioremediation in sub-Antarctic intertidal sediments was tested over a one-year period in a series of ten (10) experimental enclosures. Chemical, microbial and toxicological parameters demonstrated the effectiveness of various fertilizers in a pristine environment where hydrocarbon degrading bacteria (HDB) had not been stimulated by previous accidental spills or human activities. The low temperature of seawater (3-4 degrees C) had no obvious effects on the HDB community and the bioremediation process. Over 90% of n-alkanes were degraded in the first six months and most light aromatics (2-3 rings) disappeared during the first year of observation. The toxicity of oiled residues (Microtox(R) SP) was significantly reduced in the first 6 months of the process, but it increased again in the last months of the experiment. One of the fertilizers containing fishbone compost enriched with urea, inorganic phosphorus and a lipidic surfactant reduced significantly the toxicity of oil residues in the last 3 months of the experiment. Interstitial waters collected below the oil slicks during the remediation showed no toxicity, and even stimulated Vibrio fischeri. When comparing all fertilizers to the control plots, a good correlation (r(2)=0.82) was found between the growth rate of HDB and the degradation rate of n-alkanes in the first 90 days of the experiment only indicating that fertilizers were efficient for at least 3 months but their beneficial effects were lost after 6 months.
在一系列十个实验围隔中，对亚南极潮间带沉积物中石油生物修复肥料的有效性进行了为期一年的测试。化学、微生物和毒理学参数表明，在一个未受先前意外泄漏或人类活动刺激的原始环境中，各种肥料具有有效性。海水的低温（3 - 4摄氏度）对烃降解细菌群落和生物修复过程没有明显影响。超过90%的正构烷烃在前六个月被降解，在观察的第一年中，大多数轻质芳烃（2 - 3环）消失。在该过程的前6个月，油污残留物（Microtox® SP）的毒性显著降低，但在实验的最后几个月又有所增加。一种含有富含尿素、无机磷和脂质表面活性剂的鱼骨堆肥的肥料，在实验的最后3个月显著降低了油残留物的毒性。在修复过程中，在油膜下方收集的间隙水没有毒性，甚至刺激了费氏弧菌。将所有肥料与对照样地进行比较时，仅在实验的前90天发现烃降解细菌的生长速率与正构烷烃的降解速率之间存在良好的相关性（r² = 0.82），这表明肥料至少在3个月内是有效的，但6个月后其有益效果消失。
