The role of the spleen in the organ-specific metastasis of murine BW 5147 T lymphomas.

Organ-specific metastasis of tumour cells may result from selective invasion and growth or from selective host cell responses. The present study demonstrates how selective interactions with the host affect the metastatic pattern of two murine T cell hybridoma lines, derived from the BW 5147 thymoma. Upon intravenous inoculation into syngeneic mice BW-14 cells preferentially colonize the kidneys, whereas BW-19 cells metastasize mainly to the spleen and the liver. The organ-specific behaviour of the two cell lines appears to be determined by a differential interaction with the spleen microenvironment. Inoculation of BW-14 cells into splenectomized mice results in increased liver colonization, indicating a negative effect of the spleen on BW-14 tumour development in the liver. Macrophages are likely to be involved in this inhibition, since inoculation of BW-14 cells into macrophage-depleted mice also leads to increased liver and spleen metastasis. In contrast, inoculation of BW-19 cells into splenectomized mice results in decreased liver metastasis, which indicates that the spleen exerts a stimulating effect on BW-19 cells. Macrophages also appear to be involved in this stimulation, since macrophage depletion causes a similar decrease in liver and spleen colonization. Hence components of the splenic microenvironment, probably macrophages, exert inhibiting or stimulating activities on BW-14 or BW-19 cells respectively, thereby determining the subsequent liver or kidney colonization.