Rose E H, Vistnes L M, Ksander G A
Plast Reconstr Surg. 1977 Jan;59(1):94-7. doi: 10.1097/00006534-197701000-00017.
The panniculus carnosus arises from the superficial fascia of the midlateral back, inserts into the medial skin of the forelimb, and fuses ventrally with the contralateral cutaneous muscle. In the midback, forelimb, thigh, and groin the panniculus carnosus is lacking; there, superficial fascia alone is present. Both the panniculus carnosus and the superficial fascia divide the panniculus adiposus into a superficial compact layer and a less compact deep layer. The firm attachment of the dermis to the panniculus carnosus, and of the panniculus carnosus to the deep fascia, makes pigskin a more suitable model for comparison with human integument than the usual laboratory animals with loosely draped skin. When using the pigskin model, however, care must be exercised to define the level of incisions and the location of flaps or grafts, with respect to the panniculus carnosus.
皮肌起自背外侧中部的浅筋膜，止于前肢内侧皮肤，并在腹侧与对侧皮肌融合。在背部中部、前肢、大腿和腹股沟处，不存在皮肌；在这些部位，仅存在浅筋膜。皮肌和浅筋膜都将皮下脂肪层分为浅而致密的一层和较疏松的深层。真皮与皮肌、皮肌与深筋膜的牢固附着，使猪皮比通常皮肤松弛的实验动物更适合作为与人类皮肤进行比较的模型。然而，在使用猪皮模型时，必须注意根据皮肌来确定切口的层次以及皮瓣或移植物的位置。
