Victora C G, Huttly S R, Fuchs S C, Barros F C, Garenne M, Leroy O, Fontaine O, Beau J P, Fauveau V, Chowdhury H R
Departamento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
J Diarrhoeal Dis Res. 1993 Mar;11(1):25-9.
Population-based data on deaths due to diarrhoea among children less than 5 years of age were obtained from areas of Brazil (227 deaths), Senegal (531), Bangladesh (236) and India (146). Fatal episodes of diarrhoea were classified as either acute diarrhoea, dysentery, or persistent diarrhoea based on their duration and on the presence or absence of blood in the stools. Persistent diarrhoea accounted for over 60% of infant diarrhoeal deaths in Brazil, 47% in India, 36% in Senegal, and 26% in Bangladesh. In the latter two studies, over one-half of infant diarrhoeal deaths were due to acute watery episodes. Among children 1-4 years old dying from diarrhoea, persistent episodes were the most common in Senegal and India, whereas dysentery was the leading pattern in Bangladesh. These differences may be related to the use of oral rehydration therapy and the utilisation of health care, as well as to environmental characteristics, and are relevant for planning control strategies. Further data are required from other parts of the less developed world.
5岁以下儿童腹泻死亡的基于人群的数据来自巴西（227例死亡）、塞内加尔（531例）、孟加拉国（236例）和印度（146例）的地区。腹泻致死病例根据持续时间以及粪便中是否带血被分类为急性腹泻、痢疾或持续性腹泻。持续性腹泻在巴西占婴儿腹泻死亡的60%以上，在印度占47%，在塞内加尔占36%，在孟加拉国占26%。在后两项研究中，超过一半的婴儿腹泻死亡是由急性水样腹泻导致的。在1至4岁死于腹泻的儿童中，持续性腹泻在塞内加尔和印度最为常见，而痢疾是孟加拉国的主要类型。这些差异可能与口服补液疗法的使用、医疗保健的利用以及环境特征有关，并且对规划控制策略具有相关性。欠发达世界其他地区还需要更多数据。
