Klatzky R L, Pellegrino J, McCloskey B P, Lederman S J
Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106-9660.
Mem Cognit. 1993 May;21(3):294-303. doi: 10.3758/bf03208262.
Two studies addressed people's knowledge about the movements underlying functional interactions with objects, when the interactions were described by simple verbal labels expressing environmental goals. In Experiment 1, subjects rated each action with respect to six dimensions: which portion of the limb moved, distance moved, forcefulness, effectors involved, size of the contact surface, and resemblance to grasp. Ratings were systematic and fell on two distinct underlying factors related to limb movement and effector (usually the hand) configuration. In Experiment 2, subjects sorted a subset of the actions by similarity of movement. Clustering and multidimensional scaling solutions indicated that the six initial dimensions contributed to similarity judgments, along with additional parameters. The results support the existence of cognitively accessible, but still relatively specific, representations of functional actions, with potential implications for motor and memory performance.
两项研究探讨了人们对与物体进行功能交互时潜在动作的了解，这些交互是通过表达环境目标的简单语言标签来描述的。在实验1中，受试者根据六个维度对每个动作进行评分：肢体的哪一部分移动、移动距离、力度、涉及的效应器、接触面的大小以及与抓握的相似性。评分具有系统性，且落在与肢体运动和效应器（通常是手）配置相关的两个不同潜在因素上。在实验2中，受试者根据动作的运动相似性对动作子集进行分类。聚类和多维标度分析结果表明，六个初始维度以及其他参数共同影响相似性判断。这些结果支持了功能性动作存在认知上可及但仍相对具体的表征，这对运动和记忆表现可能具有潜在影响。
