van Elk Michiel, van Schie Hein T, Bekkering Harold
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radbound University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2009 Aug;35(4):1118-28. doi: 10.1037/a0015024.
The present study assessed the functional organization of action semantics by asking subjects to categorize pictures of an actor holding objects with a correct or incorrect grip at either a correct or incorrect goal location. Overall, reaction times were slower if the object was presented with an inappropriate posture, and this effect was stronger for goal violations compared with grip violations (Experiment 1). In addition, the retrieval of action semantics was found accompanied by the implicit activation of motor representations. Body-related objects (e.g., cup) were classified faster when a movement toward the subject's body was required, whereas world-related objects (e.g., pincers) were responded to faster with a movement in the opposite direction (Experiments 2 and 3). In contrast, when subjects were required to retrieve only visual semantics (Experiment 4), no interference effects of postural information were observed, and motor representations were only partially activated. These findings suggest that action semantics can be accessed independently from visual semantics and that the retrieval of action semantics is supported by functional motor activation reflecting the prototypical use of an object.
本研究通过要求受试者对演员在正确或错误的目标位置以正确或错误的握法持有物体的图片进行分类，来评估动作语义的功能组织。总体而言，如果物体呈现出不适当的姿势，反应时间会变慢，并且与握法违规相比，目标违规的这种影响更强（实验1）。此外，发现动作语义的检索伴随着运动表征的隐式激活。当需要向受试者身体方向移动时，与身体相关的物体（如杯子）分类更快，而与世界相关的物体（如钳子）则在相反方向移动时反应更快（实验2和3）。相比之下，当要求受试者仅检索视觉语义时（实验4），未观察到姿势信息的干扰效应，并且运动表征仅被部分激活。这些发现表明，动作语义可以独立于视觉语义进行访问，并且动作语义的检索得到反映物体原型使用的功能性运动激活的支持。
