Rasmussen Birthe Krogh
The Glostrup Population Studies, Department of Internal Medicine C, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen and Department of Neurology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, CopenhagenDenmark.
Pain. 1993 Apr;53(1):65-72. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(93)90057-V.
In a cross-sectional epidemiological study of headache disorders information on precipitating factors, age at onset, influence of menstruation and pregnancy and use of oral contraceptives was collected. The presence of migraine and tension-type headache was ascertained by a clinical interview and examination using the operational diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society. The prevalence of migraine and tension-type headache was also analysed in relation to variables of lifestyle: physical activity, smoking, consumption of coffee, alcohol intake and sleep pattern. In both migraine and tension-type headache, the most conspicuous precipitating factor was stress and mental tension. Other common precipitants were alcohol, weather changes and menstruation. Disappearance or substantial improvement of the headache during pregnancy was more frequent in migraineurs than in tension-type headache sufferers. The age at onset of both migraine and tension-type headache differs between men and women. Female hormones may be an important factor responsible for the sex difference of headache disorders. The level of physical activity showed no association with migraine, but a significantly higher prevalence of tension-type headache in men with exclusively sedentary activity emerged. Smoking, coffee and alcohol consumption showed no significant associations with the headache disorders. Sleep pattern was significantly associated with migraine and tension-type headache in both univariate and multivariate analyses. In conclusion, migraine and tension-type headache seem to be different with regard to a number of endogenous and exogenous factors.
在一项关于头痛疾病的横断面流行病学研究中，收集了有关诱发因素、发病年龄、月经和妊娠的影响以及口服避孕药使用情况的信息。通过临床访谈和使用国际头痛协会的操作性诊断标准进行检查，确定偏头痛和紧张型头痛的存在。还分析了偏头痛和紧张型头痛的患病率与生活方式变量的关系：体育活动、吸烟、咖啡消费、酒精摄入和睡眠模式。在偏头痛和紧张型头痛中，最明显的诱发因素是压力和精神紧张。其他常见的诱发因素是酒精、天气变化和月经。偏头痛患者在怀孕期间头痛消失或明显改善的情况比紧张型头痛患者更常见。偏头痛和紧张型头痛的发病年龄在男性和女性之间有所不同。女性激素可能是导致头痛疾病性别差异的一个重要因素。体育活动水平与偏头痛无关联，但在仅从事久坐活动的男性中，紧张型头痛的患病率显著更高。吸烟、咖啡和酒精消费与头痛疾病无显著关联。在单变量和多变量分析中，睡眠模式与偏头痛和紧张型头痛均显著相关。总之，偏头痛和紧张型头痛在一些内源性和外源性因素方面似乎有所不同。
