Bowen I D
School of Pure and Applied Biology, University of Wales College of Cardiff, U.K.
Cell Biol Int. 1993 Apr;17(4):365-80. doi: 10.1006/cbir.1993.1075.
Although there are different ways in which cells may die, it is now thought that in a developmental context cells are induced to positively commit suicide whilst in a homeostatic context the absence of certain survival factors may provide the impetus for suicide. There appears to be some variation in the morphology and indeed the biochemistry of these suicide pathways; some treading the path of "apoptosis", others following a more generalized pathway to deletion, but both usually being genetically and synthetically motivated. There is some evidence that certain symptoms of "apoptosis" such as endonuclease activation can be spuriously induced without engaging a genetic cascade, however, presumably true apoptosis and programmed cell death must be genetically mediated. It is also becoming clear that mitosis and apoptosis are toggled or linked in some way and that the balance achieved depends on signals received from appropriate growth or survival factors.
虽然细胞死亡存在不同方式，但现在认为在发育环境中细胞被诱导主动自杀，而在稳态环境中某些生存因子的缺失可能促使细胞自杀。这些自杀途径在形态学甚至生物化学方面似乎存在一些差异；一些遵循“凋亡”路径，另一些则遵循更普遍的清除途径，但两者通常都由基因和合成因素驱动。有证据表明，诸如核酸内切酶激活等“凋亡”的某些症状可在不涉及基因级联反应的情况下被虚假诱导，然而，推测真正的凋亡和程序性细胞死亡必定是由基因介导的。越来越清楚的是，有丝分裂和凋亡以某种方式相互切换或关联，并且所达到的平衡取决于从适当的生长或生存因子接收到的信号。
